Prevalence of hypopigmented macules in a healthy population☆,☆☆,★,★★
Section snippets
METHODS
White subjects younger than 45 years of age were recruited from the general pediatrics and dermatology clinics at Children's Hospital and Medical Center and from a pediatric group practice in the community; siblings and parents of these patients seen in clinics were also examined. Additional subjects were recruited from the community by means of advertisements. Patients who came to the clinics for evaluation of pigmentary problems (with the exception of melanocytic nevi) or diffuse inflammatory
Clinical evaluation
A total of 423 subjects were examined; 50 were younger than 2 years of age, 91 were between the ages of 2 and 10 years, 29 were between the ages of 10 and 17 years, and 253 were older than 18 years of age. The male/female ratio of participants was approximately l:l in all age groups except for those older than 18 years, in which the ratio was 1:2. None of the subjects had a family history of TS.
Twenty subjects had hypopigmented macules that were not associated with prior trauma or inflammation,
DISCUSSION
The diagnosis of TS is made on the basis of a variety of clinical features, several of which are cutaneous. Hypopigmented macules are considered to be the earliest cutaneous manifestation of the disorder12, 13, 14 and are often, but not always, present at birth. Approximately 80% to 90% of patients with TS have hypopigmented macules.10, 30 The prevalence of hypopigmented macules in unaffected individuals is not known. Previous studies have been limited by small sample size,14 screening
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2019, Dermatologic ClinicsCitation Excerpt :Three or more hypopigmented lesions greater than 5 mm in diameter is one of the most specific diagnostic findings.204,228 Hypomelanotic macules are seen in only 1% to 4% of healthy infants, and more than 3 lesions have not been reported in a healthy child.229–231 These lesions are typically present at birth or in early infancy41,232,233 and are a valuable early diagnostic marker.
Multiple hypochromic or achromic macules in children and risk of tuberous sclerosis
2018, Annales de Dermatologie et de VenereologiePigmentation Traits, Sun Exposure, and Risk of Incident Vitiligo in Women
2017, Journal of Investigative DermatologyCitation Excerpt :Vitiligo is a skin condition characterized by loss of melanocytes causing depigmentation of the skin, hair, and oral mucosa (Ezzedine et al., 2015). The prevalence of vitiligo in adults is estimated to be 1%, with a range of 0.4–2.0% worldwide and 0.1–1.5% in the United States, making it the most common depigmentation disorder (Alkhateeb et al., 2003; El-Essawi et al., 2007; El-Serag et al., 2002; Ezzedine et al., 2015; Kruger and Schallreuter, 2012; Silverberg et al., 2014; Vanderhooft et al., 1996). Despite its pervasiveness, much remains to be understood about the complex epidemiology of vitiligo, particularly in the affected population in the United States.
Tuberous sclerosis complex
2015, Handbook of Clinical Neurology
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From the Departments of Medicine (Dermatology), Pediatrics (Dermatology and Medical Genetics), Ophthalmology, and Biological Structure, University of Washington School of Medicine and Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
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Supported in part by the Society for Pediatric Dermatology and National Institutes of Health training grant No. AR 07019 and U.S. Public Health Service grant No. AM 21557.
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Reprint requests: Sheryll L. Vanderhooft, MD, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Department of Dermatology, 50 North Medical Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84132.
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