Current ceramic materials and systems with clinical recommendations: A systematic review
Section snippets
Material and methods
A broad systematic search of English peer-reviewed dental literature was designed to identify evidence supporting the restoration of teeth with current all-ceramic materials and systems. Key words or phrases included crowns, dental porcelain, ceramics, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, dental cements, composite resin cements, adhesives, computer-aided design, color, dental restoration failure, and dental prosthesis design. MEDLINE and PubMed searches were conducted focusing on evidence-based
Results
A total of 285 articles were identified through the MEDLINE and PubMed searches. Abstracts were reviewed to confirm the articles met the inclusion criteria. A total of 148 articles published between 1996 and 2006 were identified and read in their entirety. Nineteen prospective and 4 retrospective clinical trials related to survival were reviewed. The literature demonstrated that multiple all-ceramic materials and systems are currently available for clinical use and there is not a single
Glass ceramics
IPS Empress 2 (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) is a lithium-disilicate glass ceramic (SiO2-Li2O) that is fabricated through a combination of the lost-wax and heat-pressed techniques. A glass-ceramic ingot of the desired shade is plasticized at 920°C and pressed into an investment mold under vacuum and pressure. Its predecessor, IPS Empress (Ivoclar Vivadent), is a leucite-reinforced glass ceramic (SiO2-Al2O3-K2O) which, due to its strength, is limited in use to single-unit
Conclusions
All-ceramic restorations are developed with cores of glass ceramics, aluminum oxide, or zirconium oxide, and are manufactured by heat pressing, slip-casting, sintering, or milling. Successful application of these materials will depend upon the clinician's ability to select the appropriate material, manufacturing technique, and cementation or bonding procedures, to match intraoral conditions and esthetic requirements.
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