Elsevier

The Lancet

Volume 371, Issue 9608, 19–25 January 2008, Pages 193-194
The Lancet

World Report
Crystal meth boom adds to South Africa's health challenges

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60120-8Get rights and content

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    METH users often experience a “rush” feeling of enhanced energy, relieved stress and euphoria [25], causing more abuse widespread in the past years [34]. However, chronic METH dependence can not only generate financial burden but also lead to mood disturbance, cardiovascular pathology and neurological impairment [14,32,43]. Prolonged METH abusers often develop depressive symptoms especially in the early period of METH withdrawal and are often associated with craving for the drug, intention of relapse and suicide [11,22,23,31].

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    A focus on these broader experimental and experiential trajectories emphasizes that transitions in drug use are oftentimes shaped by particular critical moments (e.g., disconnection from school), as well as broader contexts (e.g., exclusion from mainstream opportunity structures) that can shape long-term patterns of risk and harm. In settings around the world, the transition to crystal methamphetamine (meth) use among youth is considered a dangerous and growing problem (Farrell and Marsden, 2002; Saul, 2005; Degenhardt et al., 2008; Kapp, 2008; Sheridan et al., 2009; Degenhardt et al., 2010). Particularly among young, street-involved populations, meth use is associated with numerous sex- and drug-related “risk behaviors” for HIV transmission (Boddiger, 2005; Lorvick et al., 2006; Fairbairn et al., 2007; Wood et al., 2008).

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    Data from Cape Town confirms that methamphetamine smokers in this region are more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors compared to non-smokers, and that methamphetamine is commonly used with sex to augment the sexual experience (Meade et al., 2012; Parry et al., 2011; Simbayi et al., 2006; Wechsberg et al., 2012). Given that methamphetamine smoking is most prevalent in Coloured communities, while HIV continues to disproportionately affect Black Africans, there is concern that a dual epidemic of methamphetamine and HIV may increase HIV incidence (Kapp, 2008). This has led to a call to prioritize strategies that promote engagement of methamphetamine smokers in research necessary for tracking the HIV epidemic and planning effective responses (Morris and Parry, 2006).

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