Antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis flowers

doi:10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00318-X

Fitoterapia

Volume 72, Issue 4, May 2001, Pages 412-414

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00318-X Get rights and content

Abstract

The flowers of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis showed interesting antibacterial activity against some gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts) and significant cytotoxic activity (petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts).

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Cited by (40)

Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using alcoholic flower extract of Nyctanthes arbortristis and in vitro investigation of their antibacterial and cytotoxic activities
2015, Materials Science and Engineering C
Citation Excerpt :
N. arbortristis commonly known as “Parijat, Sewali” or “Harsingar” in India owes great importance in the traditional Indian medicinal system [23]. The flowers are edible, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antispasmodic, antihelminthic, antidepressant and comprise of other important phytochemicals such as anti-oxidants, phenolic compounds and flavonoids [24–30]. Alcoholic extract of N. arbortristis flowers has been reported to possess strong reducing power [31].
Here we report the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using ethanolic flower extract of Nyctanthes arbortristis, UVvisible spectra and TEM indicated the successful formation of silver nanoparticles. Crystalline nature of the silver nanoparticles was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy analysis established the capping of the synthesized silver nanoparticles with phytochemicals naturally occurring in the ethanolic flower extract of N. arbortristis. The synthesized silver nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against the pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli MTCC 443. Furthermore, cytotoxicity of the silver nanoparticles was tested on mouse fibroblastic cell line (L929) and found to be non-toxic, which thus proved their biocompatibility. Antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity assay carried out in this study open up an important perspective of the synthesized silver nanoparticles.
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn - A critical ethnopharmacological review
2013, Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Citation Excerpt :
Darokar et al., 1998). Chloroform and ethyl acetate extract from flowers at 200 and 400 μg/disc have provided promising activity against Gram positive (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococuus sp., and Sarcina lutea) and Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Shigella dysentriae, Shigella shiga, Shigella boydii, Shigella sonnei and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Khatune et al., 2001a, 2001b). The LC50 values in brine shrimp assay were 14.80, 12.62, 12.79 and 4.53 ppm for pet ether, chloroform, ethylacetate and gallic acid, respectively.
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (Oleaceae) is a mythological plant; has high medicinal values in Ayurveda. The popular medicinal use of this plant are anti-helminthic and anti-pyretic besides its use as a laxative, in rheumatism, skin ailments and as a sedative. Vitally, the natives plant it in their home gardens to pass on its medicinal usage to oncoming generations.
The present review encompasses an ethnopharmacological evaluation focusing on information on the chemical constituents, pharmacological actions and toxicology in order to reveal the therapeutic potential and gaps requiring research involvement.
The present review is based on searches in Scifinder^®, Pubmed (National Library of Medicine) and books published on the subject during the period 1933 to 2012.
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis is most important in local and traditional medicines especially in India for treating intermittent fevers, arthritis and obstinate sciatica. Crude extracts and isolated compounds from the plant were shown to be pharmacologically active against inflammation, malaria, viral infection, leishmanisis and as an immunostimulant. The major class of biologically active compounds are the iridoid glucosides incl., Arbortristoside A, B and C from the seeds active as anticancer, anti-leishmania, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, immunomodulatory and antiviral. Other molecules; calceolarioside A, 4-hydroxyhexahydrobenzofuran-7one and β-sitosterol from leaves have been reported to be active as anti-leishmanial, anticancer and anti-inflammatory, respectively. The crude extracts have been found to be safe with an LD₅₀ of 16 gm/kg, while the LD₅₀ of arbortristoside-A isolated from the seeds was found to be 0.5 g/kg.
Mostly in-vitro or in some cases in-vivo models provide some evidence especially in the treatment of inflammatory conditions like arthritis, fevers related to malaria and protozoan diseases especially leishmaniasis. The only clinical study found, is for treating malaria, but with crude extract only. Further, more detailed safety data pertaining to the acute and sub-acute toxicity, cardio and immunotoxicity also needs to be generated for crude extracts or pure compounds.
Iridoid glucosides from Nyctanthes arbortristis result in increased reactive oxygen species and cellular redox homeostasis imbalance in Leishmania parasite
2012, European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
Citation Excerpt :
Nyctanthes arbortristis L. (Oleaceae) is a plant of significant medicinal value and its medicinal properties have already been proven experimentally [1–3].
We report here the effect of iridoid glucosides, isolated from Nyctanthes arbortristis, on redox homeostasis of Leishmania parasite. These compounds led to an increase in reactive oxygen species by inhibiting a crucial enzyme of redox metabolism of the parasite. Our experiments clearly showed that these compounds are highly active as antileishmanial agents. The in vitro experiments on intra-macrophageal amastigotes showed significant killing of parasite even at very low concentration. Determination of mechanism of action of iridoid glucosides showed that increased ROS level leads to oxidative stress, cell membrane damage and apoptosis of Leishmania sp. Our cellular toxicity assays on Human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) and mouse macrophage (J774A.1) cell lines showed these compounds to be very safe for therapeutics application.
Diversity and antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, a well-known medicinal plant of India
2012, Mycoscience
Endophytic fungi from Nyctanthes arbor-tristis were isolated and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. A total of 19 endophytic fungi were isolated from 400 segments of healthy leaf and stem tissues of N. arbortristis. Eighteen endophytic fungi were obtained from leaf, while only ten from stem. Alternaria alternata had the highest colonization frequency (15.0%) in leaf, whereas Cladosporium cladosporioides ranked first in stem with a colonization frequency of 12%. The diversity and species richness were found higher in leaf tissues than in stem. The similarity indices between leaf and stem were 0.473 for Jaccard's and 0.642 for the Sorenson index, respectively. Of 16, 12 (75%) endophytic fungal extracts showed antibacterial activity against either one or more pathogenic bacteria. The endophytic Nigrospora oryzae showed maximum inhibition against Shigella sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The leaf endophytes Colletotrichum dematium and Chaetomium globosum exhibited a broad range of anibacterial activity and were active against Shigella flexnii, Shigella boydii, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella paratyphi, and P. aeruginosa. Nine out of 16 (56.25%) endophytic fungi exhibited antifungal activity to one or more fungal pathogens. Colletotrichum dematium inhibited 55.87% of the radial growth of the phytopathogen Curvularia lunata. The antimicrobial activity of these endophytic microorganisms could be exploited in the biotechnological, medicinal, and agricultural industries.
Deciphering molecular mechanism underlying antileishmanial activity of Nyctanthes arbortristis, an Indian medicinal plant
2011, Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Citation Excerpt :
The leaves have been used in ayurvedic medicine to treat sciatica, arthritis, fevers and as laxative (Saxena et al., 2002). Flower of Nyctanthes arbortristis is shown to have antibacterial activity against many gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (Khatune et al., 2001). Three iridoid glucosides (arbortristosides A, B, C) and 6 β-hydroxyloganin have been isolated from the plant and tested as antilieshmanial agents (Tandon et al., 1991).
Nyctanthes arbortristis L. (Oleaceae) is widely used in the traditional medicine of India. The plant is shown to have antibacterial and antileishmanial activities.
Evaluation of iridoid glucosides from the plant as inhibitor of trypanothione reductase (TryR), a validated drug target enzyme of the Leishmania parasite. The study contributes towards understanding mechanism of antileishmanial effect of the plant.
TryR of Leishmania parasite is expressed and purified. Iridoid glucosides are isolated from the plant and tested as inhibitor of TryR enzyme of the parasite.
Inhibitory constant (K_i) of various iridoid glucosides ranges from 3.24 ± 0.05 μM to 6.49 ± 0.05 μM. Thus, the molecular mechanism underlying antileishmanial activity of these compounds is mediated through inhibition of TryR.
The current study also points out towards potential application of iridoid glucosides as novel drugs against the disease.
EXPLORATION OF ANTI-MELANOMA POTENTIAL OF PHYTOCHEMICALS FROM NYCTANTHES ARBORTRISTIS THROUGH COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES
2024, International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics

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Short reportAntibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis flowers

Abstract

Tetrahedron Lett

Phytochemistry

J Indian Chem Soc

J Indian Chem Soc

Phytochemistry

J Nat Prod

Short report
Antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis flowers