The effects of samarium-cobalt magnets and pulsed electromagnetic fields on tooth movement

doi:10.1016/S0889-5406(95)70100-1

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics

Volume 107, Issue 6, June 1995, Pages 578-588

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(95)70100-1 Get rights and content

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the application of either samarium cobalt magnets or pulsed electromagnetic fields could increase the rate and amount of orthodontic tooth movement observed in guinea pigs. In addition, the objective was to evaluate the effect of a magnetic field on bony physiology and metabolism and to monitor for possible systemic side effects. Fifteen grams of laterally directed orthodontic force were applied to move the maxillary central incisors of a sample of 18 young male Hartley guinea pigs divided into three groups: group 1, an orthodontic coil spring was used to move the incisors; group 2, a pair of samarium-cobalt magnets provided the tooth moving force; and group 3, a coil spring was used in combination with a pulsed electromagnetic field. The results showed that both the static magnetic field produced by the samarium-cobalt magnets and the pulsed electromagnetic field used in combination with the coil spring were successful in increasing the rate of tooth movement over that produced by the coil springs alone. The mechanism producing this effect appears to have involved a reduction in the “lag” phase often seen in orthodontic tooth movement. Both magnetically stimulated groups also showed increases in both the organization and amount of new bone deposited in the area of tension between the orthodontically moved maxillary incisors. (AM J ORTHOD DENTOFAC ORTHOP 1995;107:578-88.)

Section snippets

Materials and methods

Eighteen male Hartley guinea pigs, each 2 weeks old and weighing approximately 240 gm, were divided into three groups:

1.
A group in which the maxillary central incisors were separated by a compressed orthodontic coil spring.
2.
A group in which the animals were exposed to a pulsed electromagnetic field for a period of 8 hours per day in addition to the compressed coil spring.
3.
A group in which separation of the upper incisors was achieved by a pair of samarium-cobalt magnets placed on the upper central

Results

At the end of the 10-day experimental period, the amount of tooth movement noted in the magnet and pulsed electromagnetic field groups was significantly greater than that of the group that used springs alone (Table I and Fig. 8).

. Frontal views of amount of tooth movement seen after 10 days in animal from spring group (A), magnet group (B), and spring and PEMF group (C).

In particular for measurement no. 1, the greatest amount of difference was seen after 5 days, where the amounts of tooth

Discussion

The overall impression gained from this data was that both samarium-cobalt magnets and pulsed electromagnetic fields were capable of increasing the amount of orthodontic tooth movement seen in this guinea pig model over a 10-day experimental period. This increase was slightly, but not statistically significantly, more obvious in the PEMF group than the magnet group. Bony wound healing and repair was significantly more advanced in these two magnetically stimulated groups than in the spring

Conclusions

1.
The application of either a pulsed electromagnetic field of 15 Hz frequency or a static magnetic field generated by rare earth samarium-cobalt magnets were both quite successful in increasing the rate of orthodontic tooth movement, seen in guinea pigs over a 10-day experiment.
2.
The mechanism by which the magnetic field increase tooth movement appears to be by the reduction of the “lag” phase that is associated with orthodontic tooth movement.
3.
Histologic evaluation of both the pulsed

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Original ArticlesThe effects of samarium-cobalt magnets and pulsed electromagnetic fields on tooth movement

Abstract

Section snippets

Materials and methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusions

Am J Orthod

Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop

Am J Orthod

Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop

Am J Orthod

Am J Orthod

Am J Orthod

Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop

Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop

Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop

Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop

Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop

Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop

Am J Orthod

Am J Orthod

Bioelectrochem Bioenergetics

AM J ORTHOD

Am J Orthod

Am J Orthod

Healing of nonunion of the medial malleus by means of direct trauma: a case report

J Bone Joint Surg

Pulsing electromagnetic fields: a new method to modify cell behaviors in calcified and non-calcified tissues

Calcif Tissue Int

In vivo effects of direct current in the mandible

J Dent Res

Bioelectric perturbations of bone

Angle Orthod

DNA synthesis in cartilage cells is stimulated by oscillating electrical fields

Science

Effect of electric currents on gingival cyclic nucleotides in vivo

J Perio Res

A new orthodontic appliance by means of magnetic bracket. (Part II)

J Dent Res

Original Articles
The effects of samarium-cobalt magnets and pulsed electromagnetic fields on tooth movement