Elsevier

Diabetes & Metabolism

Volume 31, Issue 1, February 2005, Pages 55-62
Diabetes & Metabolism

Original article
Low-grade systemic inflammation, hypoadiponectinemia and a high concentration of leptin are present in very young obese children, and correlate with metabolic syndrome

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1262-3636(07)70167-2Get rights and content

Summary

Objective

To determine the concentration levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin and adiponectin in obese pre-pubertal children, and their possible relation with metabolic syndrome, fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.

Methods

A study was carried out in 51 obese children (aged 6 to 9 years) and the same number of non-obese children (control group), matched by age and sex. (Cross-sectional study of obese children). Body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio (WHR) and blood pressure were determined for each child. Serum CRP, leptin, adiponectin, glucose, insulin, lipid profile, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and fibrinogen were all measured.

Results

The levels of CRP serum (1.67 ≥ 0.222 vs 0.92 ≥ 0.16 mg/l) and leptin (15.56 ≥ 1.27 vs 4.68 ≥ 0.62 ng/ml) were significantly higher in obese children. The adiponectin level was significantly higher in non-obese children (11.58 ≥ 0.63 vs 9.64 ≥ 0.49 πg/dl). In the obese group, log. CRP showed a positive correlation with BMI, insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), uric acid, PAI-1, fibrinogen and interleukin 6 (IL-6), and correlated negatively with apolipoprotein A-I and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The leptin was positively correlated with BMI, insulin, HOMA, triglycerides and PAI-1 and negatively with Apo A-I and HDL-C. Adiponectin correlated negatively with BMI, insulin, HOMA, and triglycerides.

Conclusions

Low-grade systemic inflammation, elevated leptin concentration and low adiponectin level are described in very young obese children, correlating with a range of variables of metabolic syndrome. Inflammation and adipocytokines can play an important role in the etiopathogeny of metabolic syndrome.

Résumé

Inflammation systémique de faible intensité, hypoadiponectinémie et hyperleptinémie sont observée chez de très jeunes enfants obèses, en corrélation avec le syndrome métabolique

Objectifs

Déterminer les concentrations de C-reactive protéine (CRP), leptine et adiponectine chez des enfants obèses prépubères, et leurs liens possibles avec le syndrome métabolique, le fibrinogène et le plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.

Méthodes

L'étude a été réalisée chez 51 enfants obèses (âgés de 6 à 9 ans) et un nombre identique d'enfants non obèses (groupe témoin), appariés selon âge et sexe. (Étude transversale d'enfants obèses). L'index de masse corporelle (BMI), le ratio taille/hanche (WHR) et la pression artérielle ont été déterminés pour chaque enfant. Ont été mesurés: CRP sérique, leptine, adiponectine, glycémie, insulinémie, profil lipidique, PAI-1 et fibrinogène.

Résultats

Les concentrations plasmatiques de CRP (1,67 ≥ 0.222 vs 0,92 ≥ 0,16 mg/l) et de leptine (15,56 ≥ 1.27 vs 4,68 ≥ 0,62 ng/ml) étaient significativement plus élevées chez les enfants obèses. Les concentrations d'adiponectine étaient significativement plus hautes chez les enfants non obèses (11,58 ≥ 0,63 vs 9,64 ≥ 0,49 µg/dl). Dans le groupe obèse, le log. CRP était positivement corrélé avec BMI, insulinémie, l'homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), les triglycérides, l'alanine aminotransferase (ALT), l'acide urique, le PAI-1, le fibrinogène et l'interleukine 6 (IL-6), et négativement corrélé avec l'apolipoprotéine A-I et le cholestérol-HDL (HDL-C). La leptine était positivement corrélée avec le BMI, l'insulinémie, le HOMA, les triglycérides et le PAI-1, et négativement avec l'apo A-1 et le HDL-C. L'adiponectine était corrélée négativement avec le BMI, l'insulinémie, le HOMA et les triglycérides

Conclusions

Une inflammation systémique de faible intensité, des concentrations élevées de leptine et des concentrations basses d'adiponectine sont observées chez des enfants obèses très jeunes, en corrélation avec plusieurs variables du syndrome métabolique. L'inflammation et les adipocytokines peuvent jouer un rôle important dans l'étiopathogénie du syndrome métabolique.

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