American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
Original articleCondyle and fossa shape in Class II and Class III skeletal patterns: A morphometric tomographic study
Section snippets
Material and methods
The sample consisted of right and left, corrected TMJ tomograms of 189 patients. The records were selected retrospectively and included all patients for whom corrected tomograms were available, excluding those with TMJ dysfunction signs and symptoms. These tomograms had been taken before orthodontic treatment, when functional appliances, chincups, or orthognathic surgery was planned. For standardization purposes, a submentovertex radiograph was used to measure the inclination of the long axis
Results
Computation of average shapes and PCs was performed with Viewbox 3 cephalometric software. Statistical calculations were made by using StatsDirect (StatsDirect, Cheshire, United Kingdom)14 and PAST (Palaeontologia Electronica, Oslo, Norway)15 software.
Age distribution was skewed toward the right (larger ages) for all 3 malocclusion groups. Comparison of the 3 groups by Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, followed by multiple comparisons, showed that the Class II Division 1 group was younger than the Class II
Discussion
Condylar and fossa shapes have traditionally been assessed by subjective evaluation, ie, by assigning to “shape groups,” such as convex, flattened, irregular, or triangular. We present, to the best of our knowledge, the first effort to subjectively measure and compare condylar and fossa shapes between different malocclusion groups using morphometric methods. In addition, we present results related to condyle and fossa size, and condyle position within the fossa.
Centroid size was used to measure
Conclusions
- 1
Shape variability of the condyle was mainly related to inclination of the condylar head.
- 2
Shape variability of the fossa was related to inclination of the eminence and depth of the fossa.
- 3
Sizes of the fossa and condyle were found to be correlated to age in the Class III sample only.
- 4
Condylar shape was different in the Class III group compared with the 2 Class II groups: the condyle was more elongated and inclined anteriorly.
- 5
Fossa shape was different in the Class III group—wider and shallower than
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