American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
Systematic reviewLaypeople's perceptions of frontal smile esthetics: A systematic review
Graphical abstract
Section snippets
Protocol and registration
This comprehensive review protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Review (http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/; protocol number CRD42015017781) and modified in January 2016.
Eligibility criteria
The inclusion and exclusion criteria are presented in Table I. The reference lists of included articles were perused, and references related to the articles were followed up.
Information sources, search strategy, and study selection
On April 1, 2016, a systematic search in the medical literature was performed to identify all peer-reviewed
Study selection and characteristics
Among the 6032 analyzed articles, 66 were selected for the final review process.1, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84 The article selection procedure have been described in the PRISMA flow chart (Fig). Among the selected articles, 10 investigated perceptions of diastema, 15
Summary of evidence
Lay perceptions of smile esthetics are important to better understand the treatment goals from a patient's viewpoint. The results of this review permitted the identification of several smile features that should be well addressed during the definition of an orthodontic treatment plan. As stated by Proffit et al,85 the most important aspect of facial animation is the smile, which is a critically important part of social interactions. Various characteristics may contribute to smile esthetics
Conclusions
Thresholds of acceptance of smile esthetic characteristics were attempted in this review. However, in view of the lack of overlapping studies, the subjective nature of the assessment, and the difficulty in inferring clinical relevance from nonclinical studies, the clinical applicability of these results should be considered with caution.
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All authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest, and none were reported.