OSA Symptoms Associated With and Predictive of Anxiety in Middle-Aged Men: Secondary Analysis of NHANES Data

doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2014.02.002

Archives of Psychiatric Nursing

Volume 28, Issue 3, June 2014, Pages 200-205

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2014.02.002 Get rights and content

Abstract

Object

This population-based study examined obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) symptoms predictive of anxiety in middle-aged men.

Method

Secondary analyses were conducted on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2008 data using weighted samples and complex sample analysis techniques (unweighted N = 1,217).

Findings

Nonrefreshing sleep (χ² = 69.333, p < 0.001), excessive daytime sleepiness (χ² = 47.766, p < 0.001), and sleep fragmentation (χ² = 30.692, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with anxiety. Nonrefreshing sleep (OR 3.582, p < 0.001) and awakenings due to apneic episodes (OR 2.047, p = 0.001) were predictive of anxiety.

Conclusion

Comorbid anxiety and OSA symptoms are common and have implications for activities of daily living, social responsibilities, and quality of life. Screening for anxiety among men with OSA symptoms is recommended.

Section snippets

Method

Secondary data analysis was conducted using 1,217 subjects (weighted N = 47,995,518) from the 2007–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a program of studies conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), a division of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (NCHS, 2013). NHANES is designed to assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the United States (US) and to determine the prevalence of major diseases and their risk

Results

The mean age of men in this NHANES sample was 52.31 (± 7.23) years. Most of the men had a level of education beyond high school (54.9%), reported an annual income of $20,000 or more (89.0%), had health insurance (82.5%), were married or living with someone (75.1%), and were White (71.8%) (Table 1). The most commonly reported OSA symptoms were snoring (68.7%), nocturia (24.1%), nonrefreshing sleep (22.5%), sleep fragmentation (18.6%), frequent awakenings due to apneic-related episodes (17.0%),

Discussion

This study supports previous findings that OSA symptoms are associated with anxiety, and reveals new findings that specific OSA symptoms (nonrefreshing sleep and frequent awakenings due to apneic episodes) are predictive of anxiety among middle-aged men. The findings in this population-based study are consistent with previously reported research, expanding it to highlight the prevalence and predictors of anxiety in the middle-aged male population with OSA symptoms. Anxiety was reported by 22.4%

Acknowledgment

The authors thank the Centers for Disease Control: National Center for Health Statistics for providing data. The authors express no conflicts of interest related to this research.

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OSA Symptoms Associated With and Predictive of Anxiety in Middle-Aged Men: Secondary Analysis of NHANES Data

Abstract

Object

Method

Findings

Conclusion

Section snippets

Method

Results

Discussion

Acknowledgment

Clinical Psychology Review

Comprehensive Psychiatry

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery

Chest

Sleep Medicine

Clinical Psychology Review

Sleep Medicine

Sleep Medicine

Chest

Journal of Psychosomatic Research

Clinical management of poor adherence to CPAP: Motivational enhancement

Behavioral Sleep Medicine

Sleep-related breathing disorders in adults: Recommendations for syndrome definition and measurement techniques in clinical research

Sleep

Overactive bladder

Facts and statistics

Use of the Beck anxiety and depression inventories for primary care with medical outpatients

Assessment

Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome-patients’ perceptions of their sleep and its effects on their life situation

Journal of Advanced Nursing

Obstructive sleep apnea: Brain structural changes and neurocognitive function before and after treatment

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Prevalence of and screening for mental disorders in a sleep clinic

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

Sleepiness, cognitive function, and quality of life in obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome

Thorax