Short communicationGender effect on exercise-induced energy intake modification among obese adolescents☆
Introduction
The impact of exercise on subsequent energy intake and appetite sensations (such as hunger, fullness, and prospective food consumption) has been explored recently and is of particular interest in terms of prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity. Recent data in obese adolescents suggest an anorexigenic effect of an acute bout of exercise, set at 70% of VO2max, with a subsequent decrease in energy intake compared with a sedentary condition, despite unchanged appetite sensations (Thivel et al., 2010). It has been proposed that the physiological pathways regulating energy homeostasis differ between genders (Buffenstein et al., 1995, Woods et al., 2003). In adults, women were found to increase their energy consumption after an intensive bout of exercise (Van Strien, Frijters, Van Staveren, Defares, & Durenberg, 1986) while men did not (King, Lluch, Stubbs, & Blundell, 1997). Little data comparing boys and girls during childhood and adolescence are available. The sexual maturation occurring during adolescence may lead to gender differences in the physiological control of energy intake. Adolescence being a crucial stage for the prevention of overweight, obesity, and related metabolic diseases, it is important to determine whether boys and girls respond differently to weight loss interventions. Recent work by Bozinovski et al. (2009) asked 14 boys and 15 girls aged 9–14 years old, to complete on separate occasions rest or exercise sessions randomly, at their respective ventilator threshold. Despite a similar increase in subjective appetite in the sexes after 45 min of exercise, the authors noted that girls tended to increase their food consumption in response to their energy deficit. On average, there was 42% of the exercise-induced energy expended against −13% for boys. There was thus a strong correlation in girls between appetite and the amount of consumed food. This study involved healthy lean children, not the overweight or obese. The aim of the present study was to observe whether an acute bout of exercise differentially affects appetite and energy intake in obese adolescent boys and girls.
Section snippets
Subjects and methods
Fourteen pubertal obese adolescents (14.1 ± 1.8 years old; 7 girls and 7 boys; tanner stages 3 and 4) attending a specialized Children-Medical-Center (Romagnat, France) were recruited in collaboration with the Clermont-Ferrand University Pediatric Department.
Anthropometric measurements and body composition were assessed and volunteers asked to complete a graded exhaustive cycling exercise to obtain their maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). The exercise session and a sedentary session, lasting from 0700
Results
The whole sample presented a Body Mass Index of 33.9 ± 7.5 kg m−2. Body Fat percentage was not significantly different between boys and girls with respectively 37.4 ± 2.7% and 38.6 ± 4.2%. None of the anthropometric characteristics were significantly different between boys and girls as presented in Table 1. The 3 × 10 min of intermittent exercise at 70% VO2max generated a mean energy expenditure of 1.25 ± 0.12 MJ.
Whole sample: The whole sample showed a significantly reduced total energy intake (whole day)
Discussion
To our knowledge this is the first study investigating gender effects in terms of short term energy intake and appetite feeling in response to acute exercise in obese adolescents. As previously described by our research team, energy intake at both lunch and dinner time, is significantly reduced after an acute bout of exercise compared to a rest session in obese adolescents (Thivel et al., 2010). Normal weight children (6–11 years old) have been shown to reduce energy intake following a
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2020, Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular DiseasesCitation Excerpt :Implementing a fourth condition with Meal-Rest that would have followed the same timings and architecture as MEAL-EX may have provided a better comparison. Similarly, although it could have been great to have a larger sample size and gender repartition to question a potential sex effect, it has been previously shown that adolescent boys and girls with obesity experience the same nutritional responses to acute exercises [22]. To conclude, these preliminary results suggest that exercising at moderate-intensity both immediately before or after a meal have small beneficial effects on overall energy balance in adolescents with obesity, as well as on food reward.
Appetite, energy intake and food reward responses to an acute High Intensity Interval Exercise in adolescents with obesity
2018, Physiology and BehaviorCitation Excerpt :Similarly, it must be underlined that our secondary analysis, questioning the effect of the degree of obesity using tertiles, might have been influenced by the fact that all the adolescents received the same breakfast independently of their level of obesity and then basal energy needs, which might have influenced energy intake at the test meal. Importantly, our analysis did not show gender differences, which is in line with previously published studies that have already pointed this absence of gender effect regarding post-exercise energy intake and appetite feelings in adolescents with obesity [40]. In conclusion, the present study found that an acute session of HIIE favors reduced subsequent energy intake and food reward despite unchanged appetite feelings in adolescents with obesity.
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2017, Physiology and BehaviorCitation Excerpt :Participants filled in VAS before and after the breakfast, before and after lunch, and 30, 60 and 120 min after lunch, before and after dinner. This method has previously been used among obese adolescents to evaluate appetite sensations [12,19]. Statistical analyses were performed using Statview 5.0 (SAS Institute, NC, USA).
Timing of moderate-to-vigorous exercise and its impact on subsequent energy intake in young males
2015, Physiology and BehaviorCitation Excerpt :Visual analog scales are commonly used to monitor anorexigenic effects in this area of research [2,14,16]. However, the current study and others [6,21,38–41] suggest that that they are not necessarily the best method to predict EI. Total energy intake at the ad libitum buffet-type meal contradicted appetite sensation ratings, including AUC.
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The authors thank the Thermal Institution of Brides Les Bains, France, which supported this project through its 2009 research grant in obesity prevention and treatment. The authors are also grateful to all the adolescents from the Department of the Children Medical Centre. There is no conflict of interest. Clinical trial registration number: NCT01036360.