Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery
Original ArticleSupplementation With Platelet-Rich Plasma Improves the In Vitro Formation of Tissue-Engineered Cartilage With Enhanced Mechanical Properties
Section snippets
PRP and Platelet-Poor Plasma Preparation
Bovine blood was collected from the jugular vein of a mature cow in 6 60-mL syringes with citrate dextrose solution as anticoagulant (1.3 mL/10 mL of blood). Whole blood was centrifuged at 1,000 rpm for 10 minutes using a Sorvall RT7 centrifuge (Mandel Scientific, Guelph, ONT, Canada), leading to separation of plasma and platelets from red blood cells. Plasma was then collected and further centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 5 minutes, producing a concentrate of platelets or PRP. The supernatant of
Platelet Count
PRP had greater platelet numbers than did the PPP fraction. The concentration of platelets in PRP was 1.22 × 106/mL, whereas in PPP it was 0.03 × 106/mL.
Mechanical Properties
The samples cultured with 20% PRP exhibited the highest Young's modulus, with an equilibrium modulus equal to 38.1 ± 3.6 kPa. Constructs cultured with 20% PPP and 20% FBS had inferior equilibrium moduli (15.6 ± 1.5 kPa; P = .0002 and 20.4 ± 3.5 kPa; P = .007, respectively) (Table 1).
Macroscopic Evaluation and Histologic Examination
Gross observation of the 3 constructs revealed that samples
Discussion
Tissue-engineered cartilage implants are a novel strategy for the treatment of cartilage injuries. This study shows that a tissue-engineered biphasic implant cultured in media supplemented with 20% PRP had significantly thicker cartilage tissue, with increased ECM content and improved mechanical properties compared with implants cultured with 20% FBS or 20% PPP. The increase in matrix predominantly resulted from increased proteoglycan content.
The results of our study are consistent with other
Conclusions
The presence of PRP in the culture media enhances the in vitro formation of cartilage with increased GAG content and greater compressive mechanical properties while maintaining characteristics of the hyaline phenotype.
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The authors report the following potential conflict of interest or source of funding in relation to this article: M.H. serves on the board of, and has received an operating grant from, Canadian Arthritis Network, and has received payment for educational seminars/laboratories from International Cartilage Repair Society; J.S.T. has received payment for consultancy from Zimmer and Smith & Nephew Canada.