Clinical Research
Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization Strategies for Autologous Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancies

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Collection of adequate hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is necessary for successful autologous transplantation; however, a proportion of patients fail to collect the minimum number of cells required. We summarized the efficacy and safety of HSC mobilization strategies. We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials comparing HSC mobilization strategies before autologous transplantation for hematologic malignancies. The primary outcome was CD34+ cell yield. Secondary outcomes included number of aphereses, proportion of failures, rate of count recovery, and adverse events. We identified 28 articles within 3 broad strategies. Using a cyclophosphamide with growth factor strategy (10 articles), CD34+ cell yield is improved by addition of molgramostim to cyclophosphamide (1.4 vs 0.5 × 106/kg; P = .0165), addition of cyclophosphamide to filgrastim (7.2 vs 2.5 × 106/kg; P = .004), and addition of ancestim to cyclophosphamide and filgrastim (12.4 vs 8.3 × 106/kg; P = .007). Within a growth factor-based strategy (6 articles), addition of plerixafor improves CD34+ cell yield over filgrastim alone in multiple myeloma (MM; 11.0 vs 6.2 × 106/kg; P < .001) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (5.69 vs 1.98 × 106/kg; P < .01). With combination or noncyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy (12 articles), higher-dose filgrastim (8.2 vs 4.7 × 106/kg for 16 vs 8/mcg/kg daily of filgrastim, respectively; P < .0001) and addition of rituximab to etoposide and filgrastim (9.9 vs 5.6 × 106/kg; P = .021) improve CD34+ cell yield. Growth factor alone after chemotherapy, ancestim, or plerixafor provide adequate autologous HSC grafts for the majority of patients. Although some strategies result in higher CD34+ cell yield, this potentially comes at the expense of increased toxicity. As all strategies are reasonable, programmatic, and patient-specific considerations must inform the approach to autologous graft mobilization.

Key Words

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Stem cell mobilization
Mobilization strategy
Plerixafor

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Financial disclosure: See Acknowledgments on page 1201.