Ganoderma lucidum suppresses angiogenesis through the inhibition of secretion of VEGF and TGF-β1 from prostate cancer cells
Section snippets
Materials and methods
Materials. G. lucidum (ReishiMax) was purchased from Pharmanex (Provo, UT). According to the manufacturer, this sample contains powdered extract (20:1) with spores and is standardized to 13.5% polysaccharides and 6% triterpenes [25]. Stock solution was prepared by dissolving ReishiMax in sterile water at a concentration of 50 mg/ml and stored at 4 °C.
Cell culture. The human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 was obtained from ATCC (Manassas, VA). PC-3 cells were maintained in F-12 medium containing
Ganoderma lucidum inhibits capillary morphogenesis in vitro
Capillary morphogenesis (tube formation) of human endothelial cells is an important step in angiogenesis associated with the growth and progression of cancer. Because previous reports have suggested that G. lucidum possesses anticancer activities, we evaluated the potency of G. lucidum for the inhibition of capillary morphogenesis of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). As seen in Fig. 1A, capillary morphogenesis of HAECs was markedly suppressed by G. lucidum, and the inhibitory effect of G.
Discussion
Popular oriental medicinal mushroom G. lucidum has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to promote general health and to treat a variety of diseases [11]. We have previously demonstrated that spores or fruiting body of G. lucidum inhibited invasive behavior of prostate cancer cells by the suppression of uPA signaling [22]. More recently, we have shown that extract from G. lucidum, containing standardized amount of biologically active polysaccharides and triterpenes, suppressed cell growth
Acknowledgments
We thank Tatiana Valachovicova for technical assistance. This work was supported by a grant from Showalter Foundation to D.S.
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2022, Biomedicine and PharmacotherapyCitation Excerpt :Additionally, Volman et al. demonstrated that Agaricus bisporus fruit bodies, caps, and stipes stimulate the generation of TNF-α by bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) [135]. Ganoderma lucidum, on the other hand, is a longevity-promoting tonic herb whose biological activities, particularly antitumor and immunomodulatory properties, include stimulating T cells and initiating an inflammatory response through the expression and production of chemokines such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, TNF- α, and interferon-gamma (IFN-) [136]. Grifolan from Grifola frondosa stimulates macrophage activity by raising the production of IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8, hence activating and boosting the number of leukocytes [137].