Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
Participation of autophagy in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury
Section snippets
Materials and methods
Allograft biopsy. Routine allograft biopsies were performed at one month after renal transplantation. All biopsy specimens were examined by light and electron microscopy. All patients gave written consent to undergo biopsy.
Cell Culture and in vitro I/R injury. Human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (human kidney-2, HK-2; ATCC, Manassas, VA) were cultured in DMEM (Invitrogen Corp., Carlsbad, CA) with 10% fetal bovine serum under a 5% CO2 and 95% air atmosphere at 37 °C.
In order to mimic
Allograft biopsy specimens
We observed numerous PAS-positive vesicles in the cytoplasm of tubular epithelial cells from allograft biopsy specimens obtained from 1 month after renal transplantation (Fig. 1A), which were rarely observed in zero-hour biopsy specimens (data not shown). Electron microscopy showed vacuolar structures containing cytoplasm and that were clearly encircled by double membrane structures, resembling autophagosomes, in tubular epithelial cells, suggesting that some of these PAS-positive vesicles are
Discussion
Data presented in this study indicate that autophagosomes are present in human renal tubular epithelial cells from allograft biopsy specimens and in cultured human proximal tubular epithelial cells, where I/R injury may lead to autophagosomal cell death. This notion is supported by several lines of experimental evidence: (1) Electron microscopy from allograft biopsy specimens obtained at 1 month after renal transplantation showed increased autophagosomes in tubular epithelial cells; (2) In an
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