Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
Inhibition of histone deacetylase1 induces autophagy
Section snippets
Materials and methods
Materials. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) was synthesized in our laboratory as described previously [9]. FK228 was kindly provided by Astellas Co, Japan. Rapamycin, monodansylcadaverine (MDC), and FITC-conjugated anti-mouse IgG were purchased from Sigma (Sigma, St. Louis, MO). All stock concentrations were made in DMSO and stored at −20 °C. Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), antibiotics, and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Invitrogen (Grand Island, NY). PVDF membrane
FK228 treatment induces autophagy in HeLa cells
A microbial natural product, FK228, was chosen as a small molecule probe to study the role of class I HDAC in autophagy. In order to investigate FK228 as an inducer of autophagy, we evaluated the induction of autophagosomes in FK228 treated cells by fluorescence microscopy. Autophagy mediates bulk degradation of cytoplasmic components. These components are delivered to lysosomes via autophagosomes. The microtubule-associated 1 light chain 3 (LC3), a homolog of yeast Atg8 (Aut7/Apg8), localizes
Acknowledgment
This study was supported by grants from the National R&D Program for Cancer Control, Ministry of Health & Welfare and from the Brain Korea 21 Project, Republic of Korea.
References (22)
- et al.
Autophagy promotes tumor cell survival and restricts necrosis, inflammation, and tumorigenesis
Cancer Cell
(2006) - et al.
Anti-tumor activity of N-hydroxy-7-(2-naphtylthio) heptanomide, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
(2007) - et al.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors open new doors in cancer therapy
Biochem. Pharmacol.
(2004) Methods for monitoring autophagy
Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol.
(2004)The roles of intracellular protein-degradation pathways in neurodegeneration
Nature
(2006)- et al.
Role of autophagy in cancer: management of metabolic stress
Autophagy
(2007) - et al.
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation
Science
(2000) - et al.
Small molecules enhance autophagy and reduce toxicity in Huntington’s disease models
Nat. Chem. Biol.
(2007) - et al.
Amino acid starvation induced autophagic cell death in PC-12 cells: evidence for activation of caspase-3 but not calpain-1
Apoptosis
(2006) - et al.
Inhibition of macroautophagy triggers apoptosis
Mol. Cell. Biol.
(2005)