A Comparison of Behavioral Parent Training Programs for Fathers of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Section snippets
Studies of Fathers in Parent Training for ADHD
Traditionally, men do not engage in help-seeking behavior, be it for medical or mental health services (Addis & Mahalik, 2003). These findings appear to generalize to participation in BPT programs (Fabiano, 2007, Tiano and McNeil, 2005). Overall, fathers (defined broadly as any primary male caregiver) are underrepresented in studies of treatment outcome for BPT (Fabiano, 2007, Lee and Hunsley, 2006, Phares, 1996a, Phares, 1996b, Tiano and McNeil, 2005). Indeed, when ADHD is considered, there
Recruitment and Participants
Between September 2001 and March 2004, 75 fathers were recruited through radio advertisements, mailings, and physician or school referrals to participate in a research study. Participants were fathers of children 6 to 12 years old diagnosed with ADHD through mother, father, and teacher rating scales of ADHD symptoms (Pelham et al., 1989, Pelham et al., 1992). Cross-situational impairment was assessed with parent and teacher ratings on the Impairment Rating Scale (IRS; Fabiano et al., 2006).
Overview
Analyses were conducted to address the primary study questions. The first study question aimed to compare the standard and COACHES programs for fathers on treatment outcome and process measures. A repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to compare father ratings in the COACHES program to father ratings in the standard program for measures of treatment outcome. The dependent variables entered into the analysis are listed in Table 3. Then, process variables (listed
Discussion
To the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the effectiveness of fathers-only BPT groups for children with ADHD. When the COACHES and standard program were compared, both programs resulted in improved child behavior per father report. Fathers in the COACHES program rated their child as more improved on domain-specific ratings, relative to fathers in the standard program. On treatment process measures, the COACHES program appeared to demonstrate advantages beyond the
Dr. Chacko is now an assistant professor in the Psychiatry Department at Mount Sinai School of Medicine and the Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York. Ms. Sastry is now a program specialist at the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative. Ms. Flammer is a school psychology graduate student at Lehigh University. Ms. Keenan works as a prosecutor in Brooklyn Family court. Ms. Visweswaraiah, Ms. Herbst, and Ms. Pirvics are employed as teachers at the Rita Gold Early
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Dr. Chacko is now an assistant professor in the Psychiatry Department at Mount Sinai School of Medicine and the Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York. Ms. Sastry is now a program specialist at the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative. Ms. Flammer is a school psychology graduate student at Lehigh University. Ms. Keenan works as a prosecutor in Brooklyn Family court. Ms. Visweswaraiah, Ms. Herbst, and Ms. Pirvics are employed as teachers at the Rita Gold Early Childhood Center, Teacher’s College, Columbia University, the School District of Philadelphia, and the Greece Central School District, respectively. Mr. Shulman currently works for a company that promotes on-line learning.