Elsevier

The Breast

Volume 21, Issue 2, April 2012, Pages 152-158
The Breast

Original article
Objective breast symmetry evaluation using 3-D surface imaging

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2011.07.016Get rights and content
Under a Creative Commons license
open access

Abstract

This study develops an objective breast symmetry evaluation using 3-D surface imaging (Konica-Minolta V910® scanner) by superimposing the mirrored left breast over the right and objectively determining the mean 3-D contour difference between the 2 breast surfaces. 3 observers analyzed the evaluation protocol precision using 2 dummy models (n = 60), 10 test subjects (n = 300), clinically tested it on 30 patients (n = 900) and compared it to established 2-D measurements on 23 breast reconstructive patients using the BCCT.core software (n = 690). Mean 3-D evaluation precision, expressed as the coefficient of variation (VC), was 3.54 ± 0.18 for all human subjects without significant intra- and inter-observer differences (p > 0.05). The 3-D breast symmetry evaluation is observer independent, significantly more precise (p < 0.001) than the BCCT.core software (VC = 6.92 ± 0.88) and may play a part in an objective surgical outcome analysis after incorporation into clinical practice.

Keywords

Asymmetry
Breast surgery
Outcome research
Surface imaging
3-D

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Part of this work was presented at the 14th World Congress of the International Confederation for Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic surgery (IPRAS) in Berlin, Germany, held between June 26th and June 30th 2007.