Clinical Research
Assessing the Burden of Hospitalized and Community-Care Heart Failure in Canada

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2013.12.013Get rights and content

Abstract

Background

The surveillance of heart failure (HF) is currently conducted using either survey or hospital data, which have many limitations. Because Canada is collecting medical information in administrative health data, the present study seeks to propose methods for the national surveillance of HF using linked population-based data.

Methods

Linked administrative data from 5 Canadian provinces were analyzed to estimate prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates for persons with HF between 1996/1997 and 2008/2009 using 2 case definitions: (1) 1 hospitalization with an HF diagnosis in any field (H_Any) and (2) 1 hospitalization in any field or at least 2 physician claims within a 1-year period (H_Any_2P). One hospitalization with an HF diagnosis code in the most responsible diagnosis field (H_MR) was also compared. Rates were calculated for individuals aged ≥40 years.

Results

In 2008/2009, combining the 5 provinces (approximately 82% of Canada's total population), both age-standardized HF prevalence and incidence were underestimated by 39% and 33%, respectively, with H_Any when compared with H_Any_2P. Mortality was higher in patients with H_MR compared with H_Any. The degree of underestimation varied by province and by age, with older age groups presenting the largest differences. Prevalence estimates were stable over the years, especially for the H_Any_2P case definition.

Conclusions

The prevalence and incidence of HF using inpatient data alone likely underestimates the population rates by at least 33%. The addition of physician claims data is likely to provide a more inclusive estimate of the burden of HF in Canada.

Résumé

Introduction

La surveillance de l’insuffisance cardiaque (IC) est actuellement réalisée à l'aide des données d’enquêtes ou de données d'hospitalisation, qui ont plusieurs limitations. Puisque le Canada collecte des renseignements médicaux dans les données médico-administratives, la présente étude vise à proposer des méthodes de surveillance nationale de l’IC en utilisant les données populationnelles jumelées.

Méthodes

Les données médico-administratives jumelées de 5 provinces canadiennes ont été analysées pour estimer les taux de prévalence, d’incidence et de mortalité des personnes ayant une IC entre 1996-1997 et 2008-2009 en utilisant 2 définitions de cas : 1) 1 hospitalisation liée à un diagnostic d’IC dans tous les champs (H_Any) et 2) 1 hospitalisation dans tous les champs ou au moins 2 facturations à l'acte en 1 an (H_Any_2P). Une hospitalisation liée à un code de diagnostic d’IC dans le champ du diagnostic principalement responsable de cette hospitalisation (H_MR) a également été comparée. Les taux ont été calculés chez les individus ≥ 40 ans.

Résultats

En 2008-2009, pour les 5 provinces combinées (approximativement 82 % de la population totale du Canada), les taux de prévalence et d’incidence de l’IC standardisés selon l’âge ont été respectivement sous-estimés de 39 % et de 33 %, lorsque H_Any était comparé à H_Any_2P. La mortalité était plus élevée pour la définition de cas H_MR comparativement à la définition H_Any. Le degré de sous-estimation variait par province et par âge, les groupes d’âge avancé montrant les plus grandes différences. Les estimations de la prévalence étaient stables au cours des années, particulièrement pour ce qui est de la définition de cas H_Any_2P.

Conclusions

La prévalence et l’incidence de l’IC obtenues par les données hospitalières seulement sous-estiment vraisemblablement les taux de la population d’au moins 33 %. L’ajout des données de facturations à l'acte est susceptible de fournir une estimation plus adéquate du fardeau de l’IC au Canada.

Section snippets

Study design

The feasibility of expanding the CCDSS to include HF surveillance was evaluated using aggregate-level data from 5 Canadian provinces: British Columbia (BC), Manitoba (MB), Ontario (ON), Quebec (QC), and Nova Scotia (NS). Using a standardized study protocol, case definitions—developed and validated by a PHAC-coordinated working group composed of clinicians, statisticians, epidemiologists, and methodologists—were used for common data linkage methods and variable definitions and were applied to

Results

The 5 provinces included in the study accounted for 82% of the Canadian population in 2008, which represented approximately 27 million persons. Provinces varied in size from 937,500 persons in NS to 12,932,500 persons in ON.

Discussion

This feasibility study demonstrated that using only hospitalization data with any diagnostic position provides prevalence and incidence estimates 39% and 33% lower than when physician billing claims are included to identify patients with HF. The degree of underestimation varied by province: from 33% in QC to 48% in BC for prevalence and from 25% in MB to 44% in BC for incidence. Furthermore, the underestimation varied by age, with the largest differences observed in older age groups. This may

Disclosures

The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

For additional Authors' Information, Acknowledgements, and Funding Sources, please see the Supplementary Material.

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