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Increased type I and V collagen expression in uterine leiomyomas during the menstrual cycle

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Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the ratios of type I and type V collagen expression were significantly increased in the leiomyoma tissues at the protein level, as compared with those in the normal myometrium tissues through the menstrual cycle. These results suggest that increased expression of type I and type V collagen might play a role in the pathogenesis of uterine leiomyoma.

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      Myomas are characterized by their abundant ECM, and it is likely that collagen and ECM-associated glycoprotein deposits increase as the tumor develops (47). Myomas are richer in collagen type I than normal myometrium (48–50). The present study demonstrated a global decrease in the ECM volume fraction of myomas after long-term treatment with UPA compared to untreated myomas.

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      Besides, relative overexpression of types I and III collagen mRNAs was found in leiomyomas compared with the adjacent myometrium (177, 192). Furthermore, increased expression of type I and Vcollagen at protein level was observed in leiomyomas compared with normal myometrium (181, 193). Recently Malik et al. (180) tested a series of collagen subtypes; among these COL1A1, 4A2, 6A1, 6A2, 7A1, and 16A1 are expressed to a greater extent in leiomyoma cells compared with myometrial cells.

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      However, targeting TGFβ is problematic, requiring progteins as therapeutics (cost, purity, stability, immune response) and manipulating TGFβ signaling inhibition, preventing its widespread usage. Fibroids are characterized by altered collagen fibrils, fibrosis and tissue stiffness [37,38], as well as increased amounts of type I and V collagen [39]. Selective elimination of collagen producing cells or reducing their state of activation is currently limited to experimental trials.

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    M.I. has nothing to disclose. Y.M. has nothing to disclose.

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