ReviewmicroRNA single polynucleotide polymorphism influences on microRNA biogenesis and mRNA target specificity☆
Section snippets
Background
During the past decade, the focus of research has shifted from mRNAs to noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) as a major regulator of the human genome. One particular class of ncRNAs that are found in all eukaryotic cells is short RNA molecules termed microRNAs (miRNAs) receives a lot of attention since they can specifically bind to target mRNAs, resulting in translational repression and gene silencing (Bartel, 2004). To date, over 2500 mature miRNAs have been reported in the human genome (Kozomara and
Conclusions
Genetic changes that affect miRNA target specificity or their physiological levels may have serious consequences on cellular protein levels and thus contribute to various diseases. However, despite the growing number of reports assigning SNPs in miRNA to human diseases, the functional consequences of these changes remain very poorly understood. Majority of the miR SNP reports are based solely on correlation studies, and thus not provide any mechanistic insight on the disease mechanism nor the
Acknowledgments
This work has been supported by National Science Center OPUS Program under contract UMO-2015/17/B/NZ3/01485 (to R.B.)
Author contributions
A.S.; D.L. and J. K. wrote the manuscript. J.C. and R.B. revised the manuscript.
Competing financial interests
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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All authors contributed equally.