Issues in pulmonary nursingBeliefs about health, smoking, and future smoking cessation among South Korean men hospitalized for cardiovascular disease
Section snippets
Design and Methods
This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study. A convenience sample of participants was recruited from two university hospitals in South Korea. Men were included in the study if they (1) were 18 years of age or older; (2) were diagnosed with CVD, including coronary heart disease (angina pectoris, unstable angina, or myocardial infarction), heart failure, valve abnormalities, or peripheral arterial disease; (3) had a history of tobacco use within the past month; and (4) had been hospitalized in a
Results
Data collection began in January 2004 and ended in August 2004. The study participants consisted of 97 South Korean men (mean age, 54.1 ± 9.6 years) who were hospitalized with CVD. Most of the men had graduated from high school or had completed additional education, were married, and were employed full time (Table I). After reviewing the distribution of responses, the researchers combined the options very likely and likely; very unlikely and unlikely; strongly agree and agree; and strongly
Discussion
Smoking is not only the single most important and preventable risk factor for CVD but also equally important for people already diagnosed with CVD.45 The men in this study were not knowledgeable enough about the health hazards of smoking-related diseases. The researchers were intrigued by several observations.
First, only 78% of the participants believed that smoking cessation would help them avoid or decrease the chance of developing heart disease. This number is lower than 82% of men and women
Limitations
This study has several limitations. A cross-sectional design and a convenience sample were used, precluding reliable, causal associations to be drawn, and generalizability is limited. Because the data were collected during hospitalization, while patients were under medical supervision, the patients’ strong intention to quit smoking might have resulted from their wish to give socially desirable answers on their questionnaires. Actual smoking cessation attempts after participants were discharged
Conclusion
On the basis of these conclusions, it is recommended that South Korean patients be educated to realize that special intervention is needed because smoking is addictive. Future research must include South Korean women who are smokers and should evaluate the harmful effects and the benefits of the herbal smoking substitute, Eucommia ulmoides, as a quitting aid for patients with CVD. To explore the natural history of smoking behavior in this population and to minimize the effect of socially
References (57)
- et al.
Smoking and myocardial infarction
Lancet
(1975) - et al.
Death and coronary attacks in men after giving up cigarette smoking
Lancet
(1974) - et al.
The influence of cigarette smoking on prognosis after a first myocardial infarction
J Chronic Dis
(1978) - et al.
Tobacco use and dependence
Semin Oncol Nurs
(2003) - et al.
Women’s initiative for nonsmoking (WINS) I: design and methods
Heart Lung
(2000) - et al.
Women’s initiative for nonsmoking (WINS) IV: description of 277 women smokers hospitalized with cardiovascular disease
Heart Lung
(2002) - et al.
Theoretical applications of smoking cessation interventions to individuals with medical conditions: women’s initiative for nonsmoking (WINS)-part III
Int J Nurs Stud
(2002) - et al.
Women’s initiative for non-smoking (WINS) VI: reliability and validity of health and psychosocial measures in women smokers with cardiovascular disease
Heart Lung
(2004) - et al.
Women’s Initiative for Nonsmoking (WINS V): under-use of nicotine replacement therapy
Heart Lung
(2002) - et al.
Women’s initiative for nonsmoking (WINS) II: the intervention
Heart Lung
(2000)
Smokers who are hospitalized: a window of opportunity for cessation interventions
Prev Med
Women’s Initiative for Nonsmoking (WINS V): under-use of nicotine replacement therapy
Heart Lung
Smokers who are hospitalized: a window of opportunity for cessation interventions
Prev Med
Survey on the smoking prevalence: the Korea Gallup Report
Annual report on the cause of death statistic
Factors influencing long-term prognosis in male patients surviving a first coronary attack
Br Heart J
Stopping smoking and long-term mortality after acute myocardial infarction
Br Heart J
Long term effect on mortality of stopping smoking after unstable angina and myocardial infarction
Br Med J
Cessation of smoking after myocardial infarction in women
Am J Epidemiol
Quitting smoking in patients with recently established coronary artery disease reduces mortality by over 40%: results of a meta-analysis
Eur Heart J
Influence of cigarette smoking on morbidity and mortality after myocardial infarction
Br Heart J
Short-term benefit of smoking cessation in patients with coronary heart disease: estimates based on self-reported smoking data and serum cotinine measurements
Eur Heart J
Modelling the decline in coronary heart disease deaths in England and Wales, 1981–2000: comparing contributions from primary prevention and secondary prevention
BMJ
Smoking cessation in hospitalized patientsResults of a randomized trial
Arch Intern Med
A nurse-managed smoking cessation program for hospitalized smokers
Am J Public Health
Efficacy of smoking cessation intervention in women hospitalized with cardiovascular disease (CVD): Women’s Initiative for Nonsmoking (WINS)
Circulation
Efficacy of a smoking cessation program for hospital patients
Arch Intern Med
Limited effects of outpatient teaching and counseling after myocardial infarction: a controlled study
Heart Lung
Cited by (0)
Funding sources: Century Club Fund and Graduate Research Fund, University of California, San Francisco, California.