Influence of epicardial adipose tissue and adipocytokine levels on cardiac abnormalities in visceral obesity

doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.08.061

International Journal of Cardiology

Volume 121, Issue 1, 14 September 2007, Pages 132-134

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.08.061 Get rights and content

Abstract

Adipocytokine levels and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) seem to be associated with some cardiac abnormalities and a role of visceral fat in predisposing to cardiac dysfunction, possibly through a low-grade state of inflammation, has been demonstrated. In this study we firstly show that elevated levels of both monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and soluble IL-6 receptor/interleukin-6 (sIL-6R/IL-6) complex are closely correlated with epicardial fat thickness.

References (15)

S.A. Jones et al.
The role of soluble receptors in cytokine biology: the agonistic properties of the SIL-6R/IL-6 complex
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
(2002)
G. Iacobellis et al.
Relation between epicardial adipose tissue and left ventricular mass
Am J Cardiol
(2004)
A.E. Malavazos et al.
Proinflammatory cytokines and cardiac abnormalities in uncomplicated obesity: relationship with abdominal fat deposition
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis
(2007)
J.M. Bruun et al.
MCP-1 release is higher in visceral than subcutaneous human adipose tissue. Implication of macrophages resident in the adipose tissue
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
(2005)
S.K. Fried et al.
Omental and subcutaneous adipose tissues of obese subjects release interleukin-6: depot difference and regulation by glucocorticoid
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
(1998)
A.E. Malavazos et al.
Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and visceral fat
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
(2005)
L. Morricone et al.
Echocardiographic abnormalities in normotensive obese patients: relationship with visceral fat
Obes Res
(2002)

There are more references available in the full text version of this article.

Cited by (73)

The predictive value of epicardial fat volume for clinical severity of COVID-19
2022, Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
Epicardial adipose tissue serves as a source of inflammatory cytokines and mediators. Cytokine storm is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
To investigate the association between epicardial fat volume (EFV), inflammatory biomarkers and clinical severity of COVID-19.
This retrospective study included 101 patients who were infected with COVID-19. Serum inflammatory biomarkers including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), procalcitonin (PCT) and ferritin levels were measured. Computed tomography images were analyzed and semi-automated measurements for EFV were obtained. The primary composite endpoint was admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) or death.
The primary composite endpoint occurred in 25.1% (n=26) of patients (mean age 64.8±14.8 years, 14 male). A total of 10 patients died. EFV, CRP, PCT, ferritin and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in ICU patients. Moreover, a positive correlation was determined between EFV and CRP (r: 0.494, p<0.001), PCT (r: 0.287, p=0.005), ferritin (r: 0.265, p=0.01) and IL-6 (r: 0.311, p=0.005). On receiver operating characteristic analysis, patients with EFV >102 cm³ were more likely to have severe complications. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, EFV independently predicted admission to the ICU at a significant level (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.03, p=0.025).
EFV and serum CRP, IL-6, PCT and ferritin levels can effectively assess disease severity and predict the outcome in patients with COVID-19. EFV is an independent predictor of admission to the ICU in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
O tecido adiposo epicárdico é fonte de citocinas inflamatórias e mediadores. A tempestade de citocinas é uma importante causa de morbilidade e mortalidade na doença coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19).
Investigar a associação entre volume adiposo epicárdico (VAE), biomarcadores inflamatórios e gravidade clínica da COVID-19.
Este estudo retrospetivo incluiu 101 doentes infetados com COVID-19. Foram avaliados biomarcadores inflamatórios séricos, incluindo os níveis de proteína C-reativa (PCR), de interleucina-6 (IL-6), de procalcitonina (PCT) e de ferritina. Foram analisadas imagens de tomografia computorizada (TC) e foram obtidas medições semi-automáticas do VAE. O endpoint primário composto foi a admissão na unidade de cuidados intensivos (UCI) ou morte.
O endpoint primário ocorreu em 25,1% (n=26) dos doentes (idade média 64,8±14,8 anos, 14 homens). Um total de 10 doentes morreu. Os níveis de VAE, PCR, PCT, ferritina e IL-6 foram significativamente superiores nos doentes internados na UCI. Além disso, verificou-se uma correlação positiva entre o VAE e a PCR (r: 0,494, p<0,001), PCT (r: 0,287, p=0,005), ferritina (r: 0,265, p=0,01) e IL-6 (r: 0,311, p=0,005). Na análise de regressão logistica multivariada, os doentes com VAE>102 cm³ tinham maior probabilidade de ter complicações graves.
O VAE e os níveis séricos de PCR, IL-6, PCT e ferritina podem avaliar a gravidade da doença e prever o resultado em doentes com COVID-19. O VAE constitui um fator preditivo na admissão dos doentes hospitalizados com COVID-19 numa UCI.
Epicardial adipose tissue inflammation is related to vitamin D deficiency in patients affected by coronary artery disease
2015, Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases
Citation Excerpt :
Epicardial fat (EAT) is a metabolically active visceral adipose tissue which may locally interact with myocardium and coronary arteries through vasocrine and paracrine secretion of various adipokines and cytokines [1–4].
Alterations in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) biology (i.e. increased fat thickness and inflammation) have been described in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. In addition to its classic role in the regulation of calcium-phosphate homeostasis, vitamin D may exert immune-regulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Whether EAT inflammation may be linked to vitamin D deficiency is still unknown.
In the present study we evaluated plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD) level in CAD patients and its relationship with EAT ability to locally metabolize vitamin D, EAT expression of inflammation-related molecules and EAT thickness.
Plasma 25OHD level was quantified by an immunoluminometric assay. EAT expression of inflammation-related molecules (MCP-1, PTX3, TNFα, IL-6, adiponectin), vitamin D receptor (VDR), CYP27B1 (25OHD-activating enzyme) and CYP24A1 (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol-metabolizing enzyme) was performed by microarray. EAT thickness was quantified by echocardiography.
Median plasma 25OHD level was 10.85 ng/mL and 83% of CAD patients displayed 25OHD level below 20 ng/mL. At decreasing plasma 25OHD concentration, we observed a down-regulation in CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 level and an increased expression of VDR and pro-inflammatory cytokines (MCP-1, PTX3, TNFα, IL-6) at EAT level. No correlation was observed between plasma 25OHD level and EAT thickness.
Our data suggest an increased activation of inflammatory pathways at EAT level possibly related to systemic and local vitamin D deficiency in CAD patients. Whether maintaining an optimal vitamin D status may be helpful to reduce EAT inflammation and to prevent CAD and its progression needs further investigation.
Impact of abdominal and epicardial fat on the association between plasma adipocytokine levels and coronary atherosclerosis in non-obese patients
2014, Atherosclerosis
Objective: Ectopic fat accumulation is associated with coronary artery disease. Visceral adipose tissue has paracrine and systemic effects and is a source of adipocytokines. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis; however, nothing is known about whether increases in epicardial fat have the same effect on coronary atherosclerosis as increases in abdominal visceral fat. Methods: We examined 216 consecutive patients suspected to have coronary artery disease. Individuals with acute coronary syndrome and inadequate computed tomography (CT) imaging were excluded. We enrolled 164 patients (65 ± 10 years old; 70% men; body mass index [BMI], 23.8 ± 3.6 kg/m²). The plasma concentrations of adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor were measured. The characteristics of coronary plaque, abdominal visceral fat area, and epicardial fat volume (EFV) were determined by 64-slice CT imaging. Results: EFV was greater in subjects with noncalcified plaque than in those with no plaque or with calcified plaque (126 ± 39 mL vs. 98 ± 34 mL and 97 ± 45 mL, respectively; P = 0.010). EFV was significantly correlated with BMI, triglycerides, and the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (r = 0.51, 0.19, and 0.20, respectively) but not with plasma levels of adipocytokines. The plasma adiponectin and IL-6 concentration was significantly correlated with abdominal visceral fat area in coronary plaque patients (r = −0.49 and 0.20). Conclusions: In non-obese Japanese patients, epicardial fat may have unique mechanisms affecting the development of coronary atherosclerosis, which is different from abdominal visceral fat.
Increased reactive oxygen species production in epicardial adipose tissues from coronary artery disease patients is associated with brown-to-white adipocyte trans-differentiation
2014, International Journal of Cardiology
Association of Epicardial Adipose Tissue Adipocytes Hypertrophy with Biomarkers of Low-Grade Inflammation and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
2023, Biomedicines
The density of crown-like structures in epicardial adipose tissue could play a role in cardiovascular diseases
2022, Eating and Weight Disorders

View all citing articles on Scopus

View full text

Letter to the EditorInfluence of epicardial adipose tissue and adipocytokine levels on cardiac abnormalities in visceral obesity

Abstract

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

Am J Cardiol

Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis

MCP-1 release is higher in visceral than subcutaneous human adipose tissue. Implication of macrophages resident in the adipose tissue

J Clin Endocrinol Metab

Omental and subcutaneous adipose tissues of obese subjects release interleukin-6: depot difference and regulation by glucocorticoid

J Clin Endocrinol Metab

Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and visceral fat

J Clin Endocrinol Metab

Echocardiographic abnormalities in normotensive obese patients: relationship with visceral fat

Obes Res

Letter to the Editor
Influence of epicardial adipose tissue and adipocytokine levels on cardiac abnormalities in visceral obesity