The psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (Swe-PAID-20): Scale development
Section snippets
What is already known about the topic?
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Previous research indicates that psychological aspects might be related to poor self-care of diabetes.
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To meet the needs of specific patients and situation measurements in this area is of value for both clinical and research purposes.
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The Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale is a brief self-report measure of diabetes-related emotional distress. The scale is widely used and translated into many languages. A Swedish version of the scale is not yet available.
What this paper adds
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The psychometric properties of the Swedish version of PAID (Swe-PAID-20) were confirmed in a Swedish population.
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The Swe-PAID-20 is a brief, reliable and valid tool that is easy to administer to people with type 1 diabetes.
Translation procedure
The original version of the PAID was initially translated by the first (SA) and last author (U-B J) into Swedish. An authorised, bilingual translator then retranslated the Swedish version into English. A four-member back-translation committee, consisting of the authorised translator, the first (SA), second (RW) and last author (U-B J), was then formed to examine discrepancies between the original English version, the initial Swedish version and the back-translated English version. The
Demographic and clinical data
The questionnaire was returned by 325 patients, thus yielding a response rate of 60%. Of the total sample, 53% of the patients had an HbA1c level of 7.5% or less. Data on age, sex and HbA1c were also available from the non-respondents. A significant difference related to age was found between respondents (mean 47.8±14.7) and non-respondents (mean 42.5±14.0), P<0.001, but no significant differences with respect to sex or HbA1c were observed. When constructing frequency distribution for the total
Discussion
In the current study the reliability and validity of the Swe-PAID-20 were examined among Swedish patients with type 1 diabetes. The reliability findings of this study are consistent with earlier studies using the original PAID, suggesting that despite modifications of individual scale items, the scale remained internally consistent. The findings of the study also provide support for the construct validity, as well as the convergent and content validity. Repeated component analysis suggested the
Acknowledgements
This study was supported by grants from the Health Care Sciences Postgraduate School, Karolinska Institutet, Sophiahemmet University College, the Foundation for Medical Research at Sophiahemmet, the Bert von Kantzow Foundation, and the Swedish Diabetes Federation. We also wish to thank Lena Landstedt-Hallin and Anna-Lena Wedfelt for assistance with the study and Eva Lagercrantz and Jenny Larson for statistical support. We also appreciate the assistance provided by diabetes specialist nurses as
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