Behaviour of the buccal crestal bone levels after immediate placement of implants subjected to immediate loading

doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2014.11.009

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Volume 44, Issue 3, March 2015, Pages 389-394

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2014.11.009 Get rights and content

Abstract

The aim of this study was to measure changes in buccal alveolar crestal bone levels after immediate placement and loading of dental implants with Morse taper prosthetic abutments after tooth extraction. This study followed the STROBE guidelines regarding prospective cohort studies. The sample comprised 12 patients with a mean age of 45 years, in whom a central or upper lateral incisor was indicated for extraction. Prior to extraction, computed tomography (CT) analysis was carried out to assess the presence of the buccal bone crest. CT scans were performed at 24 h and at 6 months after immediate implant placement and immediate loading. The distance from the most apical point of the implant platform to the buccal bone crest was assessed at the two time points. The buccal bone crest height was evaluated at three points in the mesio-distal direction: (1) the centre point of the alveolus, (2) 1 mm mesial to the centre point, and (3) 1 mm distal to the centre point. The values obtained were subjected to statistical analysis, comparing the distances from the bone crest to the implant platform for the two time points. After 6 months there was a statistically significant, non-uniform reduction in height at the level of the crest of the buccal bone in the cervical direction. It is concluded that the buccal bone crest of the immediate implants that replaced the maxillary incisors underwent apical resorption when subjected to immediate loading.

Section snippets

Materials and methods

This prospective study analyzed the height of the buccal alveolar bone crest at 6 months after tooth extraction and immediate placement of implants with immediate loading. The study population consisted of all patients who attended the study institution between the years 2009 and 2010 with an indication for extraction of a central or lateral upper incisor, in whom immediate placement of an implant was possible. This study followed the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies

Results

The sample consisted of 12 patients, six females and six males, aged between 26 and 65 years (mean age 45 years). The results of the measurements according to the observation period (T₁ and T₂) are shown in Table 1, Table 2.

All of the results for the cervical–apical distances are described using the mean, median, minimum, and maximum values and standard deviations in Fig. 7.

Discussion

For a satisfactory aesthetic result and the appearance of a natural tooth crown, prosthetic rehabilitations should also maintain the bone contour and adequate gingival aspect after tooth extraction. Immediate implants reduce the duration of both the surgical procedure and the rehabilitation, and optimize aesthetic outcomes.1, 2, 5, 8, 19, 20 However, clinical studies have observed that the immediate installation of implants does not prevent bone loss at the buccal surface,8, 23 although there

Funding

None.

Competing interests

None declared.

Ethical approval

The research project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Pontifical Catholic University (PUC, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil) under N0. 0003357.

Patient consent

Not required.

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Bucco-lingual crestal bone changes after immediate and delayed implant placement
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Short-term use of an exposed polypropylene barrier in the preservation of alveolar bone after extraction: randomized clinical trial
2021, International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Citation Excerpt :
The fact that less vertical resorption was achieved with the barrier method is of great clinical importance, especially on the buccal and proximal sides of the alveolus. This gain means aesthetic and functional improvement of the prosthesis, because it preserves the final gingival architecture, mainly in unitary losses15. The mean horizontal resorption in this study was 0.76 mm in the control group and 0.45 mm in the barrier group.
This study was performed to evaluate the short-term preservation of alveolar bone volume with or without a polypropylene barrier and exposure of the area after extractions. Thirty posterior tooth extraction sockets were distributed randomly to a control group (n = 15; extraction and suture) and a barrier group (n = 15; extraction, barrier, and suture). All sutures and barriers were removed 10 days postoperatively. Cone beam computed tomography scans taken with the aid of a tomographic guide were obtained preoperatively, immediately postoperative, and at 120 days postoperative. A visual analysis of the coronal sections of the alveolus was performed, and vertical loss in the mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual bone ridges and horizontal thickness were evaluated. The mean vertical loss after extraction did not differ significantly between the control and barrier groups (Student t-test: mesial P = 0.989, buccal P = 0.997, lingual/palatal P = 0.070, distal P = 0.107). The mean vertical loss at 120 days postoperative did not differ significantly between the control (0.65 mm) and barrier (0.52 mm) groups (P > 0.05), with an effect size of 0.13 mm. At 120 days, the barrier group presented a mean resorption in thickness (0.45 mm) that was significantly lower than that in the control group (0.76 mm) (P = 0.021), with an effect size of 0.31 mm. The polypropylene barrier reduced the horizontal resorption in sockets of posterior teeth after extraction.
Resorption behaviour of the articular surface dome and functional outcome after open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular condylar head fractures using small-fragment positional screws
2018, Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery
Citation Excerpt :
As the present CT/Cone beam CT based study confirms only minor resorption ORIF offers the possibility to restore the condylar head without deformation in cases of displacement of the medial fragment. Radiological evaluation of bone resorption using CT scan or cone beam scan has mainly been performed in cases of alveolar bone reconstruction (Lemes et al., 2015; Umanjec-Korac et al., 2014). Umanjec-Korac et al. performed height measurements after bone grafting in the maxilla using cone beam computed tomography (Umanjec-Korac et al., 2014).
The aim of the study was to evaluate the resorption of the mandibular condylar head after open reduction and internal fixation of fractures with small-fragment screws and to evaluate the functional outcome.
Forty-eight patients (55 condylar head fractures) underwent surgical treatment. All kinds of complications were recorded. In a subgroup of 20 patients, the average loss of bone height of the condylar head joint surface was gauged by measuring the vertical distances from 3 selected reference points of the fixation hardware to the vertex of the condyle in views of multiplanar radiographs after 6 months. Functional outcome was analysed by Helkimo index score.
Complication rates were low. Osteosynthesis loosening occurred in 4 cases. The mean bone resorption along the condylar head joint surface in the subgroup of 20 patients (with 23 joints) was 0.7 mm. Functional outcome was rated as follows: 8 patients - good, 11 patients – slightly impaired, 1 patient - moderately impaired.
Open reduction and internal fixation of condylar head fractures with small-fragment screws leads to reliable results in terms of joint surfaces relatively resistant to resorption and function. Low bone resorption on the joint surface of the condylar head can be expected.
Immediate implant placement into fresh extraction sockets versus delayed implants into healed sockets: A systematic review and meta-analysis
2017, International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the survival rate of the implants and the peri-implant tissue changes associated with implants inserted in fresh extraction sockets and those inserted in healed sockets. This review has been registered at PROSPERO under the number CRD42016043309. A systematic search was conducted by two reviewers independently in the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library using different search terms; articles published until November 2016 were searched for. The searches identified 30 eligible studies. A total of 3,049 implants were installed in a total of 1,435 patients with a mean age of 46.68 years and a minimum of 6 months of follow-up. The survival rate of delayed implants (98.38%) was significantly greater than immediate implants (95.21%) (p = .001). For the marginal bone loss (p = .32), implant stability quotients values (p = .44), and pocket probing depth (p = .94) there was no significant difference between the analysed groups. The immediate implants placed in fresh sockets should be performed with caution because of the significantly lower survival rates than delayed implants inserted in healed sockets.
Synthesis and characterization of poly (vinylidene fluoride)-calcium phosphate composite for potential tissue engineering applications
2015, Ceramics International
Citation Excerpt :
Recently, regenerative medicine has perfectly aided biomedical sciences by introducing new avenues for efficient tissue reconstruction. Moreover, this has influenced lot of attention towards biomaterial science thereby influencing tissue engineering offering new and promising alternatives for existing traditional implants [1], prostheses in orthopedics [2], dentistry [3] and organ and tissue replacement [4]. Further, among various existing biomaterials such as bovine bone, recent trend shows that calcium phosphate is often used as bone substitute mainly due to its chemical similarities with that of mineral component of bones and hard tissues, therefore, proved to improve bone healing in rabbit calvaria [5].
Tricalcium phosphate is the most commonly used biomaterial because of its good biocompatibility. However, its poor mechanical strength under complex stress and powder-like appearance hinder its application. The use of a composite biomaterial which maintains a fine balance between excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility can be a solution to this problem. In the present study, we aimed to fabricate porous composite scaffolds via phase-inversion technique without using any additional toxic chemicals which can interfere with their biocompatibility. The composite materials fabricated of poly (vinylidene fluoride) and tricalcium phosphates were prepared, using polyvinyl pyrrolidone as a dispersant. The resulting scaffolds were characterized by using attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and universal tensile strength (UTM) analysis. The composites showed well blend of materials and internal porous structures. The XRD results indicated a mixture of α and β-phases due to successful incorporation of tricalcium phosphate in polymer blends, thereby, exhibiting a crystalline structure. The fabricated composites showed an efficient thermal stability at around 400 °C. The tensile strength of scaffolds increased from 140±1.6 to 148±2.2 g/mm², which makes the composite scaffold potential candidate for hard tissue applications.
Survival of immediate implants replacing traumatised teeth in the anterior maxilla
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Survival Rates and Factors Affecting the Outcome Following Immediate and Delayed Implant Placement: A Retrospective Study
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Clinical PaperDental ImplantsBehaviour of the buccal crestal bone levels after immediate placement of implants subjected to immediate loading

Abstract

Section snippets

Materials and methods

Results

Discussion

Funding

Competing interests

Ethical approval

Patient consent

Bucco-lingual crestal bone changes after immediate and delayed implant placement

J Oral Periodontol

Dimensional ridge alterations following tooth extraction. An experimental study in the dog

J Clin Periodontol

Soft and hard tissue assessment of immediate implant placement: a case series

Clin Oral Implants Res

Immediate implant placement into extraction sites. Surgical and restorative advantages

Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent

Immediate implantation in fresh extraction sockets. A controlled clinical and histological study in man

J Clin Periodontol

Immediate implant placement and temporization in extraction and healing sites

Compend Contin Educ Dent

Immediate implant placement: clinical decisions, advantages, and disadvantages

J Prosthodontics

Hard-tissue alterations following immediate implant placement in extraction sites

J Clin Periodontol

Analysis of the socket bone wall dimensions in the upper maxilla in relation to immediate implant placement

Clin Oral Implants Res

Immediate implant placement and restoration in the esthetic zone: a prospective study with 18 months of follow-up

Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants

Immediate or early placement of implants following tooth extraction: review of biologic basis, clinical procedures, and outcomes

Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants

Timing, positioning, and sequential staging in esthetic implant therapy: a four-dimensional perspective

Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent

Consensus statements and recommended clinical procedures regarding the placement of implants in extraction sockets

Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants

Immediate maxillary restoration of single-tooth implants using platform switching for crestal bone preservation: a 12-month study

Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants

Single-tooth replacement in the anterior maxilla by means of immediate implantation and provisionalization: a review

Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants

Clinical Paper
Dental Implants
Behaviour of the buccal crestal bone levels after immediate placement of implants subjected to immediate loading