International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Research PaperImagingA study to evaluate the reliability of using two-dimensional photographs, three-dimensional images, and stereoscopic projected three-dimensional images for patient assessment
Section snippets
Subjects
Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Hong Kong University and Hospital Authority Hong Kong West Cluster. Forty pre-surgical orthognathic patients attending the Department of Orthodontics or the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong, were recruited. All patients had previously been diagnosed with a skeletal class III deformity by the orthognathic team and required surgical correction. Patients
Results
The inter-rater reliability was good to excellent (Cronbach's alpha ≥0.8) for the three different viewing media when assessing the three components of the face, i.e. height, symmetry, and profile (Table 1). Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.82 for assessing facial height using 3D images to 0.97 for assessing symmetry using projected 3D images.
All ICC values for assessing intra-rater reliability were between 0.48 and 0.76, representing moderate to good levels of reliability.11 There was a
Discussion
This study reports on the reliability of using 2D photographs, 3D images, and stereoscopic projected 3D images to assess the severity of the condition in patients with a class III dentofacial deformity. This study is different to previous studies in two main areas. Firstly, rather than assessing the global facial attractiveness or beauty of the individual as an outcome measure, specific facial characteristics were assessed, i.e. height, symmetry, and profile. This provides a more objective
Funding
None.
Competing interests
None.
Ethical approval
Ethical approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Hong Kong University and Hospital Authority Hong Kong West Cluster (Protocol Reference No. UW 14-355).
Patient consent
Written patient consent was obtained to publish the clinical photographs.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the eight raters for their time and support in conducting this study and the staff of the Oral and Maxillofacial Discipline for patient recruitment. We would also like to acknowledge Samantha Li for her statistical advice.
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