Research PaperCraniofacial AnomaliesA new method for three-dimensional evaluation of the cranial shape and the automatic identification of craniosynostosis using 3D stereophotogrammetry
Section snippets
Subjects
A total of 100 3D stereophotographs were included in this prospective study. This dataset included 20 3D photographs of patients with scaphocephaly and 20 3D photographs of patients with trigonocephaly. The included scaphocephaly and trigonocephaly patients suffering from isolated, non-syndromic premature closure of respectively the sagittal or the metopic suture. Diagnosis was confirmed using a computed tomography (CT) scan. The pre-operative 3D photographs of the scaphocephaly patients were
Variations in the normal population
PCA of the control group resulted in a mean cranial shape of the control population and a set of PCs describing the variations in the control population. The effect of PC1 is displayed in Fig. 2. This morphological effect is an increase of the complete frontal region to the anterior direction, including an anterior displacement of the orbital region. In total, the cranial shape became more elongated without a reduction of the lateral diameter of the cranium. PC1 accounted for 46% of the total
Discussion
The combination of 3D stereophotogrammetry and the evaluation with the use of PCA provides a new method for an objective and automatic characterization of the cranial morphology. PCA was applied on a dataset of 3D photographs to find and isolate cranial shape variations in a normal population. Using these variations, the cranial shape of scaphocephaly and trigonocephaly patients could be distinguished from a normal cranial shape. This method provides an objective tool for the physician to
Funding
None.
Competing interests
None
Ethical approval
Study protocol was approved by the medical ethical commission of the institution in which the study was carried out: 17934 filenumber NL17934.091.07.
Patient consent
Not required.
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