International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
Paraoxonase and arylesterase activity and total oxidative/anti-oxidative status in patients with chronic adenotonsillitis
Introduction
Tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy are the most common surgical operations performed by otolaryngologist in paediatric population. Routine indications for tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy are upper airway obstruction, recurrent adenotonsillitis and eustachian tube dysfunction [1]. Pathophysiology of adenotonsillary disease is still unclear. In aerobic organisms, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during normal immune defense and metabolic activity [2]. Rate of production and destruction of ROS is in a state of balance, which is known as oxidative balance. In cases where this oxidative balance is maintained, ROS have no impact on the organism but in cases where this balance is destroyed in favor of free radicals, oxidative stress develops [3]. Oxidative stress is a consequence of relative overproduction of ROS, as seen in inflammation [4]. Defense system protecting free radical damage involves enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Enzymatic system includes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and catalase (CAT). On the other hand, non-enzymatic system includes various substances like vitamin E, vitamin C, beta-carotene, glutathione, uric acid, bilirubin and retinol [5]. Paraoxonase is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated antioxidant enzyme. In various trials, it was shown that paraoxonase prevents oxidative stress by inhibiting oxidation of cell membrane lipids induced by ROS which develop in acute and chronic inflammation [6], [7].
The aim of this study was to investigate serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities along with determination of oxidative status via measurement of total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) in children with recurrent adenotonsillitis during pre and post-operative period and to compare results with data from healthy subjects.
Section snippets
Subjects
We performed a prospective controlled trial on adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy patients. Study was approved by Ethical Committee of Cumhuriyet University, Medical Faculty.
A total of 47 subjects, including 22 patients with recurrent adenotonsillitis and 25 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Children with chronic underlying diseases (including cardiovascular disorders, malignancy, asthma, allergic rhinitis, cystic fibrosis, metabolic disease, renal or liver disease or
Results
Chronic adenotonsillitis group consisted a total of 22 children, 13 (59%) boys and 9 (41%) girls, aged 8 ± 2 and control group consisted 25 children, 15 (60%) boys and 10 (40%) girls, aged 9 ± 4. There were no significant differences between chronic adenotonsillitis group and control groups in terms of age and gender.
As seen in Table 1, paraoxonase, arylesterase activity, TAS and TOS levels were significantly higher in preoperative group compared to control group (P < 0.001, P = 0.003, 0.003 and 0.005,
Discussion
In order to evaluate the impact of chronic adenotonsillitis on oxidative status, we measured paraoxonase, arylesterase activities with TAS, TOS and OSI levels. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study reported in the literature related to paraoxonase, arylesterase activities with TOS, TAS and OSI levels in patients with adenotonsillary disease. Reactive oxygen species may be defined as any species including one or more unpaired electrons. Because they are extremely reactive, they have
References (34)
- et al.
Histologic analysis of pediatric tonsil and adenoid specimens: is it really necessary?
Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol.
(2009) - et al.
Free radicals and scavenging enzymes in chronic tonsillitis
Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg.
(2003) - et al.
Malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzymes in children with obstructive adenotonsillar hypertrophy
Clin. Biochem.
(2004) - et al.
The role of oxidants and antioxidants in chronic tonsillitis and adenoid hypertrophy in children
Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol.
(2004) - et al.
PON1 activity and total oxidant status in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis
Clin. Biochem.
(2008) - et al.
Evaluation of serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in ankylosing spondylitis patients
Clinics
(2010) - et al.
Study of factors influencing the decreased HDL associated PON1 activity with aging
Exp. Gerontol.
(2004) A new automated colorimetric method for measuring total oxidant status
Clin. Biochem.
(2005)A novel automated method to measure total antioxidant response against potent free radical reactions
Clin. Biochem.
(2004)- et al.
Assessment of paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in patients with iron deficiency anemia
Atherosclerosis
(2007)
The involvement of free radicals in burn injury: a review
Burns
Human serum paraoxonase
Gen. Pharmacol.
Serum paraoxonase-1 activity and concentration are influenced by human immunodeficiency virus infection
Atherosclerosis
Maternal chronic hepatitis B virus is implicated with low neonatal paraoxonase/arylesterase activities
Clin. Biochem.
Acute infection with Epstein–Barr virus is associated with atherogenic lipid changes
Atherosclerosis
Serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer
Gynecol. Oncol.
Serum paraoxonase activity decreases in rheumatoid arthritis
Life Sci.
Cited by (18)
The effect of melatonin and vitamin C treatment on the experimentally induced tympanosclerosis: study in rats
2017, Brazilian Journal of OtorhinolaryngologyCitation Excerpt :Enzymatic system involves Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px). Ascorbic acid, glutathione, β-carotene, tocopherols, and uric acid can be included as non-enzymatic defense systems.16 Formation and elimination of free oxygen radicals are in a balance known as oxidative balance.
Effect of calcium channel blockers on paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity and oxidative stress
2014, Pharmacological ReportsCitation Excerpt :Free oxygen radicals are produced continuously during normal cell metabolism and are neutralized by the antioxidant defense system. However, the antioxidant defense system is suppressed when excessive amounts of free oxygen radicals are produced or when there is a significant reduction in the antioxidant defense and oxidative stress occurs [7,18,20,47,48,61]. PON1 neutralizes free oxygen radicals, including hydrogen peroxide [9] and inhibits lipid peroxidation through the hydrolysis of cholesteryl linoleate hydroperoxides.
Comparison of Preoperative and Postoperative Antioxidant Levels in Patients with Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy
2020, European Journal of Rhinology and AllergyHuman paraoxonase-1 activity in children with acute bronchiolitis
2020, Guncel PediatriTotal oxidant and antioxidant status and paraoxonase 1 levels of children with noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis
2020, Turkish Journal of Medical SciencesComparison between the effects of eight weeks of aerobic and resistance training on paraoxonase-1, arylesterase activity and lipid profile in obese girls
2016, Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences