Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
Review ArticleThe Global Prevalence of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Among Caregivers of Stroke Survivors
Section snippets
Search Strategy
The following online databases were searched from inception to June 1, 2016: PubMed (from 1966), Embase (from 1980), PsychINFO (from 1806), BIOSIS (from 1926), Science Direct (from 2006), and Cochrane CENTRAL (from 1993). The predetermined search terms used to identify potential articles are listed as follows: caregiver, stroke, depress*, anxiety, epidemiology, prevalence, rate, mental disorder*, psychiatric disorder*, psych*, mental*, burden*, outcome*. An asterisk after a term means that all
Results
A total of 1259 published abstracts were screened and 34 full-text articles were reviewed, and 12 articles were selected based on our inclusion criteria. These articles had data on depressive and/or anxiety symptoms. Twelve studies comprising 1756 persons were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis (Figure 1). Of the 11 studies on depressive symptoms included, 6 were conducted in North America, 3 in Europe, and 2 in Asia. Of the 3 studies on anxiety symptoms included, 2 were
Discussion
This meta-analysis represents, to our knowledge, the first meta-analytical study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in caregivers of stroke survivors worldwide. The prevalence of most common depressive symptom, dysphoric mood, in the general population was estimated to be 17.8%,31 and the aggregated prevalence of depressive symptoms (40.2%) in caregivers of stroke survivors is nearly 2 times of that. This suggests that caregivers of stroke survivors are at much
Conclusions
In conclusion, this meta-analytical review identified that the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among caregivers of stroke survivors were 40.2% and 21.4%, respectively. Meta-regression showed that female sex of caregivers and stroke survivors and the Caucasians race were significantly associated with higher prevalence of depression. Higher proportion of spouse and children as caregivers were associated with lower prevalence of depression. Spouses and children may have more positive
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