Crime changed from pre- to post-COVID-19 lockdown periods.
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Limited evidence shows an increase in domestic violence.
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This study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to examine changes in domestic violence incidents from pre- to post-lockdown periods.
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Results show moderate to strong increase in domestic violence incidents between pre- and post-lockdown periods.
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this review was to estimate the effect of COVID-19-related restrictions (i.e., stay at home orders, lockdown orders) on reported incidents of domestic violence.
Methods
A systematic review of articles was conducted in various databases and a meta-analysis was also performed. The search was carried out based on conventional scientific standards that are outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) and studies needed to meet certain criteria.
Results
Analyses were conducted with a random effects restricted maximum likelihood model. Eighteen empirical studies (and 37 estimates) that met the general inclusion criteria were used. Results showed that most study estimates were indicative of an increase in domestic violence post-lockdowns. The overall mean effect size was 0.66 (CI: 0.08–1.24). The effects were stronger when only US studies were considered.
Conclusion
Incidents of domestic violence increased in response to stay-at-home/lockdown orders, a finding that is based on several studies from different cities, states, and several countries around the world.
