Assessment of dermal wound healing and in vitro antioxidant properties of Avena sativa L.
Introduction
Avena sativa L. (Poaceae), known as “common oat”, is a cereal grain species used also as food. It has been cultivated in Anatolian peninsula since ancient times whose cultivation was recorded by the Greek scientist Galenus in the 17th century. The major cultivation area of oat is the Marmara region and internal Anatolia in Turkey. In some folk medicine systems belonging to different parts of the world, it has been reported to be used traditionally against some diseases. For instance; in the southern Appalachia region of the United States, A. sativa was recorded to have utilization against chickenpox, poison ivy, and other rashes externally (Cavender, 2006). In traditional medicine of Lebanon, its alcoholic macerate was reported to be used as antirheumatic and antineuralgic (El Beyrouthy et al., 2008). Ballabh et al. (2008) reported use of oat against kidney and urinary disorders in traditional medicine of clod desert Ladakh in the remotest region of the Indian subcontinent. Oat is an important crop plant containing high levels of proteins, lipids, vitamins, dietary fibers, and minerals as well as a food plant for both humans and animals (Gajdosova et al., 2007). A. sativa was reported to possess a variety of biological activities such as angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory (Cheung et al., 2009), anti-inflammatory and anti-itchy (Sur et al., 2008), anti-HIV (Shun et al., 2008), and cardioprotective activities (Ryan et al., 2007).
The aim of the present study was to investigate in vivo wound healing activity of A. sativa to clarify its traditional use in a scientific platform along with its in vitro antioxidant activity. The n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water extracts of the plant were tested in mice and rats for their wound healing activity using in vivo linear incision and circular excision wound models, which have been used together for confirmation of the wound healing activity. Additionally, antioxidant activity was conducted in the extracts to exploit its relation to wound healing activity. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined using three different in vitro methods; 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferrous ion-chelating, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays at 250, 500, and 1000 μg/ml concentrations. Total phenol and flavonoid contents of the extracts were established spectrophotometrically by Folin–Ciocalteau and AlCl3 methods, respectively.
Section snippets
Plant material
Cultivated sample of A. sativa was obtained from the experimental farm of Selçuk University, in Konya province, Turkey, at the flowering stage in June, 2009.
Preparation of plant extracts
After the plant material was dried in shade at room temperature, it was weighed accurately (200 g) in a digital balancer (Mettler–Toledo) and powdered in a mechanical grinder. Then, the powdered material was subjected to successive extraction starting from n-hexane (2 L × 2), ethyl acetate (3 L × 2), ethanol (3 L × 2), and water (3 L × 1).
Results of wound healing activity
The wound healing activity of the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water extracts of A. sativa was evaluated on rats and mice by linear incision and circular excision wound models to confirm the claimed folkloric usage of the plant on a scientific base. The histopathological changes formed by these extracts were also assessed. The results of the measurements of tensile strength were shown in Table 1. Tensile strength of the animals treated with the ethanol extract of the plant demonstrated
Discussion
Wound healing is a multifarious procedure that includes inflammation, granulation tissue formation, re-epithelialization, and matrix formation. Numerous studies have proved that oxidation reactions, frequently initiated by various unwanted radicals in biological systems, are associated with many pathophysiological conditions including inflammation and wound healing. In recent years, oxidative stress and free radicals have been implicated in impaired wound healing. Different mechanisms like free
Conclusion
Results of the present study have clearly demonstrated that the aerial parts of A. sativa possess wound healing potential which supports its traditional utilization in various folk medicines. In a reference survey, no reports relating to the wound healing activity of A. sativa extracts have been found so far. To the best of our knowledge, we herein report for the first time about wound healing activity and antioxidant activity by ferrous ion-chelating and ferric-reducing antioxidant power
References (30)
- et al.
Traditional medicinal plants of cold desert Ladakh – used against kidney and urinary disorders
Journal of Ethnopharmacology
(2008) Folk medical uses of plant foods in southern Appalachia, United States
Journal of Ethnopharmacology
(2006)- et al.
Avenanthramides are bioavailable and have antioxidant activity in humans after acute consumption of an enriched mixture from oats
Journal of Nutrition
(2007) - et al.
C-Glycosylflavones from A. sativa
Phytochemistry
(1977) - et al.
Antioxidant activities of ethanolic extracts from the twigs of Cinnamomum osmophleum
Bioresource Technology
(2008) - et al.
Wound healing potential of Tephrosia purpurea (Linn.) Pers. in rats
Journal of Ethnopharmacology
(2006) Oat antioxidants
Journal of Cereal Science
(2001)- et al.
Healing potential of cream containing extract of Sphaeranthus indicius on dermal wounds in guinea pigs
Journal of Ethnopharmacology
(2006) - et al.
Beta-glucan, extracted from oat, enhances disease resistance against bacterial and parasitic infections
FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology
(2003) Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical
Nature
(1958)
Inhibitory effect of oatmeal extract oligomer on vasoactive intestinal peptide-induced inflammation in surviving human skin
Internatiomal Journal of Tissue Reactions
Avenanthramides in oats (A. sativa L.) and structure antioxidant activity relationships
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
The effects of topical and systemic beta glucan administration on wound healing impaired by corticosteroids
Wounds
Angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory activity of hydrolysates from oat (A. sativa) proteins by in silico and in vitro analyses
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Avenanthramides E a group of phenolic antioxidants in oats
Cereal Chemistry
Cited by (26)
Moroccan medicinal plants traditionally used for the treatment of skin diseases: From ethnobotany to clinical trials
2022, Journal of EthnopharmacologyBarley β-glucan accelerates wound healing by favoring migration versus proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts
2019, Carbohydrate PolymersCitation Excerpt :Most effects on wound healing have been found using linear o branched β-glucans from fungi and yeast. However, up to date there is little information regarding skin cell response after cereal β-glucans exposure (Akkol et al., 2011; Du, Bian, & Xu, 2014). The purpose of this investigation is the evaluation of the effects of β-glucan (1→3),(1→4) from barley on adult human dermal fibroblasts in order to clarify the action on wound healing in vitro and in vivo.
An investigation of konjac glucomannan-keratin hydrogel scaffold loaded with Avena sativa extracts for diabetic wound healing
2018, Colloids and Surfaces B: BiointerfacesCitation Excerpt :Oatmeal ethanolic extracts (OAT) were prepared for incorporation into the scaffold. Recovery was approximately 17%, in concurrence with an earlier reported recovery of 15.61% [24]. Upon visual inspection, both scaffolds appeared creamy white, opaque, and porous (Fig. 1B).
A new technological approach to improve the efficacy of a traditional herbal medicinal product in wound healing
2015, Industrial Crops and ProductsCitation Excerpt :In the present study, according to ethnophytomedicine, we associated the antioxidant ability of the unsaponifiable fraction of olive oil with that of R. ulmifolius shoots to obtain a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory oleolite (Zaru et al., 2013). The simultaneous presence of different antioxidants is important because they may act in different ways (i.e. binding metal ions, scavenging radicals and decomposing peroxides) and, often, involving more than one mechanism may result in a synergic and improved final formulation efficacy (Süntar et al., 2012; Akkol et al., 2011). Aimed to select an appropriate preparation method to obtain a suitable formulation, the R. ulmifolius shoot biomolecules were extracted in olive oil at 25 °C or at 150 °C and the obtained extract components were identified, quantified and compared.
Improvement of quercetin protective effect against oxidative stress skin damages by incorporation in nanovesicles
2014, Colloids and Surfaces B: BiointerfacesCitation Excerpt :The healing of chronic wound is a complex process that involves more than one physiopathological factor, such as inflammatory response, over-production of destructive proteases and oxygen free radicals [3]. Recently, it has been found that topically applied antioxidants may play an important role in healing damaged skin, thanks to their ability to quench free radicals and stop the inflammatory process [4–7]. In addition, the topical administration can improve their local bioavailability and reduce their possible adverse systemic effects.
Pharmacological studies on Buchanania lanzan Spreng - A focus on wound healing with particular reference to anti-biofilm properties
2013, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine