A Novel Implantation Technique for Pudendal Nerve Stimulation for Treatment of Overactive Bladder and Urgency Incontinence

Abstract

Herein is described laparoscopic implantation of a neuroprosthesis to the pudendal nerve for treatment of non-neurogenic bladder overactivity. This case series study was performed at a tertiary referral unit that specializes in advanced gynecologic surgery and neuropelveology. Fourteen consecutive male and female patients underwent laparoscopic implantation of an electrode to the endopelvic portion of the pudendal nerve for pudendal neuromodulation. All procedures were performed successfully via laparoscopy, without any complications. The mean operative time for the entire procedure was 18 minutes. After a successful test phase of external stimulation, 11 patients (78.57%) underwent implantation of a permanent generator. These patients demonstrated a mean (SD) decreased micturition frequency, from 25 (11.7; range, 13–50) per day on average to 10.18 (2.7; range, 7–15) at final evaluation (mean follow-up, 18 months; range 9–49 months). Nocturia decreased from 5.82 (4.2; range, 3–18) to 2.18 (1.08; range, 1–5) micturitions per night. Cystometric bladder capacities increased from 159 mL (53; range, 80–230 mL) to 312 mL (104.9;160–500 mL). Mean incontinence episodes at the initial evaluation, based on a 3-day voiding diary, were 8.1. At final evaluation, 6 patients were completely dry. Number of pads used per day decreased from 7.3 (4.2) to 1.6 (2.3). No lead dislocation or migration occurred. It was concluded that laparoscopic implantation of a neuroprosthesis to the pudendal nerve is an effective, safe, and reproducible day procedure for treatment of intractable non-neurogenic overactive bladder with urinary urgency incontinence.