Leakage and Sealer Penetration in Smear-free Dentin After a Final Rinse With 95% Ethanol

doi:10.1016/j.joen.2006.02.027

Journal of Endodontics

Volume 32, Issue 8, August 2006, Pages 785-788

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2006.02.027 Get rights and content

Abstract

Forty extracted maxillary incisors were decoronated, prepared in a crown-down fashion and randomly divided into two groups of 16 roots each. Remaining roots served as controls. Smear layer was removed with 17% EDTA followed by 5.25% NaOCl, the canals in group N were again rinsed with NaOCl before obturation with laterally compacted gutta-percha and Roth’s 801 sealer. The roots in group E were rinsed with 95% ethyl alcohol instead of NaOCl for the final rinse. Leakage was determined using a fluid-flow model. Roots were cleared, split, and sealer penetration into the dentinal tubules was measured under light-microscopy. Group E demonstrated significantly greater sealer penetration (p = 0.002) and significantly less leakage (p = 0.040), than group N. Leakage could not be significantly correlated with sealer penetration (p = 0.725). Under the conditions of this study, we found that a final rinse with 95% ethyl alcohol increased sealer penetration and decreased leakage.

Section snippets

Instrumentation

Forty extracted human maxillary teeth were cleaned of soft-tissue debris, stored in a 0.2% sodium azide solution. 1.5 mm of the apical portion of each tooth was removed with a #557 bur to reduce the effect that apical variation may have on leakage. The teeth were decoronated to a length of 13 mm using a diamond disc. Patency was established, root canals were preflared with #4-2 Gates Glidden, then prepared in a crown-down fashion using Flex-R files with a balanced-force motion to a #40 MAF. The

Results

All controls behaved as expected. The SEM studies confirmed that the smear-layer was effectively removed in both groups (Image #2).

The mean leakage as determined by fluid-flow was 0.54” in group E and 0.84” in group N (Table 1). This was statistically significant (p = 0.040). The mean depth of sealer penetration into smear-layer free dentinal tubules was 265 μm in group E. When compared to 141 μm in group N (Table 1), the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.002). Increased sealer

Discussion

In a 1993 dye penetration study, Kuhre and Kessler demonstrated that moisture contamination in the canals did not significantly affect dye penetration into the canal/gutta-percha interface (11). In 1995, Wilcox and Wiemman (12) noted that final irrigation with alcohol tended to allow better sealer coverage than drying with paper points alone, although results were not significantly different. The SEM images support their discoveries and provide greater insight to the significant findings of

Conclusion

Rinsing the root canal with alcohol before obturation has been an anecdotally based practice. Under the conditions of this study, we found that a final rinse with 95% ethyl alcohol significantly increased Roth’s 801 sealer penetration and significantly decreased leakage. An inverse relationship between Roth’s 801 sealer penetration and leakage could not be established to a level of statistical significance. Further studies towards this relationship could be beneficial.

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Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of dentin moisture conditions after different root canal drying protocols on the push-out strength of bioceramic root canal sealer iRoot SP. In our study and other previous studies,7–12,30 different canal drying protocols could result in different dentin moisture levels: normal, dry and complete dry. According to Nagas' and Zmener’s studies,7,16 the effect of drying with paper points was defined as “normal moisture” and using of isopropanol solvent drying was defined as “dry moisture”.
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Push-out strength was statistically different in different moisture groups (P < 0.05). After drying using paper point, iRoot SP specimens showed the highest push-out strength (2.04 ± 0.03 MPa), followed by 95% ethanol, 70% isopropanol. The lowest push-out strength (0.68 ± 0.04 MPa) was observed under complete dry. For the failure modes, the majority were cohesive failures in the coronal and middle thirds of the root; while in the apical third, mixed failure was common.
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Irrigation with 70% ethanol presented a significantly higher percentage of clean root canal walls and a higher depth of clean dentinal tubules when compared with irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA-T for both irrigation methods (P < .05). No differences were observed between nonactivated irrigation or PUI protocols (P > .05).
Seventy percent ethanol enhanced calcium hydroxide removal from the apical root third compared with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite or 17% EDTA-T.
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Thus, water sorption/solubility and biocompatibility of CPoint should be evaluated in future studies. One of the limitations of the present study is that the amount of available water for causing lateral expansion was probably more than what would be possible from residual moisture in intraradicular dentine, after a root canal is blot-dried with paper points,29–33 or from naturally occurring intra-radicular moisture.34 In addition, no sealer was employed, which might have impeded diffusion of water into the obturation points.
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Basic research—technologyLeakage and Sealer Penetration in Smear-free Dentin After a Final Rinse With 95% Ethanol

Abstract

Section snippets

Instrumentation

Results

Discussion

Conclusion

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol

J Endod

J Endod

J Endod

J Endod

J Endod

J Endod

Basic research—technology
Leakage and Sealer Penetration in Smear-free Dentin After a Final Rinse With 95% Ethanol