Basic research—technologyApical Extrusion of Root Canal Irrigants When Using Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG Lasers with Optical Fibers: An In Vitro Dye Study
Section snippets
Sample Preparation
A total of 16 recently extracted single-rooted human maxillary anterior teeth that had been collected from older adult periodontal patients undergoing clearances were stored in water saturated with thymol. The teeth comprised 6 maxillary incisors and 10 maxillary canines. All teeth had straight root canals of similar size to reduce effects of canal size and curvature on the extrusion of irrigant. Patency of the apical opening was confirmed with an International Organization for Standardization
Results
Dye extrusion was seen in all groups, except for the Max-I-Probe when used at a 10-mm distance from an ISO #15 apex. There were significant effects for needle type (conventional > Max-I-Probe), treatment type (laser = conventional needle > Max-I-Probe), and apex size (ISO #20 > #15). There were no significant effects for the variables of laser type (Er:YAG = Er,Cr:YSGG) or optical tip design (straight = conical ends). The variable of distance of the instrument tip from the apex was only
Discussion
This study shows that apical extrusion occurred with both lasers when used with different fiber types and at different working distances. Because the laser fibers were placed passively in the canals and did not occupy the majority of the canal space, no dye extrusion occurred merely from the action of placing the fiber.
In contrast to laser treatment and conventional irrigating needles, the Maxi-I-probe gave very little extrusion. The conventional 25-G needle showed the same extent of apical
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Effect of SWEEPS and PIPS techniques on dye extrusion in photodynamic therapy procedure after root canal preparation
2023, Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic TherapyEffect of tip insertion depth and irradiation parameters on the efficacy of cleaning calcium hydroxide from simulated lateral canals using Er:YAG laser- or ultrasonic-activated irrigation
2021, Journal of Dental SciencesCitation Excerpt :However, for root canal irrigation to be performed effectively while avoiding irrigant extrusion outside the apical foramen, it is preferable if the effects of irrigation can be obtained with the tip located away from the root apex. With LAI, the amounts of pressure outside the apical foramen and of the extruded irrigant increase depending on the tip insertion depth and output energy,21–26 and the cleaning efficacy decreases as the distance from the tip increases.27 However, opinions remain divided on the capacity of LAI to clean areas away from the tip, with some studies finding greater efficacy than UAI15 and others reporting similar efficacy to syringe irrigation.28
Principle and antimicrobial efficacy of laser-activated irrigation: A narrative review
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Dr George was supported by a University of Queensland International Postgraduate Research Award.