The Effect of Surfactant on the Dissolution of Porcine Pulpal Tissue by Sodium Hypochlorite Solutions

doi:10.1016/j.joen.2012.05.013

Journal of Endodontics

Volume 38, Issue 9, September 2012, Pages 1257-1260

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2012.05.013 Get rights and content

Abstract

Introduction

A previous study of the relative dental pulp-dissolving abilities of Milton brand of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and other surfactant-containing NaOCl solutions produced specifically for endodontic treatment showed a markedly better performance of the surfactant-containing product that was not explained by differences in active chlorine content. This study investigated whether the presence of surfactant in the NaOCl solutions was responsible for the difference in dissolution times seen in the previous study.

Methods

Circular samples 2.5 mm in diameter were punched out of the pulps of mandibular incisor teeth from young pigs. The 4 NaOCl solutions tested were Hypochlor 1% and Hypochlor 4% forte, which contained surfactant, and 2 identical solutions without surfactant. Twenty pulp specimens were immersed in 20 individual 25-mL aliquots of each of the 4 NaOCl solutions and observed while stirring until dissolution was complete. The time to dissolution of each sample was determined by stopwatch. Dissolution times for each solution were averaged and compared statistically in R (version 2.12.0) by using multiple regression with nominal active chlorine content as a covariate.

Results

No statistical difference was detected between the dissolution times for either of the Hypochlor solutions with and without surfactant.

Conclusions

The addition of surfactant alone does not appear to improve the abilities of NaOCl to dissolve dental pulp tissue.

Section snippets

Materials and Methods

The NaOCl solutions tested were Hypochlor 1% and Hypochlor 4% forte both with and without surfactant. Solutions with surfactant were purchased shortly before commencement of the project. Hypochlor solutions without surfactant were prepared specifically by the manufacturer for this project and were otherwise identical to the commercial products. These products are not normally available in this form.

Mean active chlorine content of all solutions was established from 3 iodometric titration

Results

The comparison of dissolution times with standard deviation is shown for all solutions in Figure 1. The active chlorine content of all NaOCl solutions before dissolving the porcine incisor pulp samples is displayed in Table 1. All solutions had higher active chlorine content than indicated on the label.

Pulp dissolution times for the Hypochlor 1% solution with surfactant were almost identical to those without. The mean time for the surfactant-containing solution was 22 minutes 32 seconds,

Discussion

On the basis of these results, the poorer performance of Milton in the earlier investigation cannot be explained by the absence of surfactant and is presumably due to the typically low pH of Milton or other differences in solution formula such as presence of sodium chloride (NaCl) as well as carbonate and chlorate ions 4, 15, 18, 28, 29. Sodium chlorate (NaClO₃) content is particularly important, because it registers as "active" chlorine with iodometric titration but has no tissue-dissolving

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the University of Queensland for the provision of laboratory facilities and Dentalife for custom preparation of solutions.

The authors deny any conflicts of interest related to this study.

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Sodium Hypochlorite and a Preparation Containing Glycocholic Acid and Surfactants Have a Synergistic Action on Organic Tissue Dissolution In Vitro
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The aim of this study was to evaluate porcine palatal mucosa dissolution by sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) with or without an auxiliary dissolving agent containing glycocholic acid and a mixture of surfactants (Keratobacter [KB]; Saint Joseph DID, Valencia, Spain).
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All test groups presented with tissue dissolution although complete dissolution did not occur in any sample. The largest percent in weight reduction occurred between time points (t) = 0 minutes and t = 5 minutes for the NaOCl + KB group (22.5%) followed by KB (18.5%) for the same time period. NaOCl presented with similar tissue dissolution activity during the different time points, ranging from 7.8% (t = 10 minutes–t = 15 minutes) to 6.8% (t = 15 minutes–t = 20 minutes). Significant weight differences were found among the different experimental groups after 5, 10, and 15 minutes of incubation, with the only exception being KB versus NaOCl + KB. No significant differences were found when comparing the test groups at t = 20 minutes.
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Does supplemental photodynamic therapy optimize the disinfection of bacteria and endotoxins in one-visit and two-visit root canal therapy? A randomized clinical trial
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Citation Excerpt :
Another possible mechanism of action will be the breaking up of gas bubbles ahead of the advancing front of root canal irrigant, as previously reported (15). It must be reiterated that the presence of a surfactant per se does not improve the tissue dissolution capacity of NaOCl (16, 17). The present study examined the final phase of irrigation after canal shaping, considering that the latter is regarded as a radicular access for irrigants into the intricate canal system morphology (15).
The aim of this study was to evaluate the porcine palatal mucosa dissolution from artificial grooves using a final rinse with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) with or without a surfactant or ultrasonic activation (PUI).
The root canals of 130 human maxillary central incisors were chemomechanically prepared and the teeth split. A standardized longitudinal intracanal groove was created in 1 of the root halves. One hundred thirty porcine palatal mucosa samples were collected, adapted in order to fit into the grooves, and weighed. The reassembled specimens were randomly divided in 3 experimental groups (n = 40) based on their irrigation protocol (ie, positive pressure [PP] and PUI during 15 [PUI-15] or 30 seconds [PUI-30]) and divided in subgroups according to the NaOCl preparation used: Vista 6% plain (Vista Dental Products, Racine, WI) or Chlor-XTRA (Vista Dental Products) (containing surfactant). An EDTA intermediate rinse was included. Palatal mucosa weights were measured after the assays. The intergroup weight changes were statistically analyzed.
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: Supported by a grant from the Australian Dental Research Fund Inc.

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Basic ResearchThe Effect of Surfactant on the Dissolution of Porcine Pulpal Tissue by Sodium Hypochlorite Solutions

Abstract

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Section snippets

Materials and Methods

Results

Discussion

Acknowledgments

J Endod

J Endod

J Endod

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol

J Endod

J Endod

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod

J Endod

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol

J Endod

J Endod

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol

J Endod

Basic Research
The Effect of Surfactant on the Dissolution of Porcine Pulpal Tissue by Sodium Hypochlorite Solutions