Original ArticleSecond Trimester Estimated Fetal Weight and Fetal Weight Gain Predict Childhood Obesity
Section snippets
Methods
We studied participants in Project Viva, a prospective, observational, cohort study of gestational diet, pregnancy outcomes, and offspring health.9 The details of recruitment and retention procedures are available elsewhere.9 All mothers provided written informed consent. The human subjects committees of Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center approved the study protocols. Of the 2128 women who delivered a live infant, we excluded 45
Results
The mean (SD) gestational age at the second trimester 16-to 20-week ultrasound was 18.2 (0.7) weeks (Table I). Fetal biometry measures were 124.9 (11.4) mm for AC, 41.4 (2.3) mm for BPD, and 26.9 (2.0) mm for FL. EFW at 16-20 weeks adjusted for gestational age was 234 (30) g and birth weight adjusted for gestational age was 3518 (420) g. At age 3 years, mean (SD) BMI was 16.5 (1.4) kg/m2 and BMI z-score was 0.43 (0.99) unit. Nine percent of the children had BMI ≥95th percentile for age and sex.
Discussion
Our findings differ from those of Durmus et al of the Generation R cohort in the Netherlands who found an inverse relationship between second trimester fetal weight and ultrasound-measured abdominal fat mass in the preperitoneal area, representing visceral abdominal fat at age 2, but did not find associations between fetal weight, fetal weight gain, and other ultrasound measures of central adiposity that are related to adverse metabolic outcomes.7 We found positive associations between second
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