Elsevier

Journal of Virological Methods

Volume 214, 15 March 2015, Pages 15-24
Journal of Virological Methods

Degenerate PCR primer design for the specific identification of rhinovirus C

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.10.021Get rights and content

Highlights

  • Degenerate primer design based on multiple sequence alignments.

  • HEV primer set for the identification of all enteroviruses by RT-PCR.

  • HRVC primer set for the specific identification of rhinovirus C by RT-PCR.

Abstract

Human rhinovirus (HRV)-A and -B is a common cause of upper respiratory tract infections. Recently, a third species, HRV-C, was categorized based on molecular typing studies. The results showed that the HRV-C genome had diverged from that of HRV-A and -B. Despite its late identification, increasing evidence suggests that HRV-C causes more severe pathogenic infections than HRV-A or -B; however, a large amount of epidemiological data is required to confirm this association in different clinical settings. Consequently, a simple and rapid method for identifying HRV-C is required to expedite such epidemiological studies. Here, two degenerate primer sets (HEV and HRVC) were designed based on bioinformatic analyses. The HEV set targeting the fifth IRES domain sequence within the 5′-UTR, which is highly conserved among enteroviruses, was designed to detect all enteroviruses, whereas the HRVC set, which targeted the VP2 coding region, was designed to detect HRV-C alone. Both primer sets were tested against a panel of standard enteroviruses and clinical lavage samples. HEV detected all enteroviruses tested whereas HRVC was specific for HRV-C. Although the primer design strategy was confirmed with a limited number of samples, extensive tests are required to be applied in clinical settings.

Abbreviations

HRV
human rhinovirus
HRV-A
human rhinovirus A
HRV-B
human rhinovirus B
HRV-C
human rhinovirus C
RT-PCR
reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
HEV
human enteroviruses
ORF
open reading frame
UTR
untranslated regions
QRT-PCR
quantitative real-time PCR
MSA
multiple sequence alignments
N-term
amino terminal
aa
amino acid

Keywords

Rhinovirus C
Degenerate PCR primer
RT-PCR

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