BaselineCharacteristics of marine debris that entangle Australian fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) in southern Australia
Section snippets
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Shell’s Social Investment program and CSIRO’s Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship for financial support. We also thank Phillip Island Nature Parks and science educators participating in the Teachwild Program for their help with sorting entanglement sample items as well as R. McIntosh and an anonymous reviewer for constructive feedback on an earlier version of this manuscript.
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2019, Environmental Toxicology and PharmacologyCitation Excerpt :The 24.73% that were entangled had skin lesions with ulceration, necrotising myositis (death of local areas of muscle) and amputation of one or two flippers (Orós et al., 2005). There are numerous studies and reviews on the ingestions of plastic debris and entanglement in plastic bags, fishing gear (nets and ropes) and fiber ropes of dolphins (Denuncio et al., 2011; Di Beneditto and Ramos, 2014), seals (Bravo Rebolledo et al., 2013; Waluda and Staniland, 2013; Lawson et al., 2015; Cosgrove et al., 2016), Whale (Jacobsen et al., 2010; de Stephanis et al., 2013d; Baulch and Perry, 2014; Unger et al., 2016), sea snake (Udyawer et al., 2013), sea lion (Hamer et al., 2013; Page et al., 2004), leading to increase in morbidity and mortality of these marine animals. Numerous scientific reports on plastic entanglement and or ingestion by marine mega-fauna were mostly on marine mammals, sea turtles and sea birds.