Influence of parity on bone mineral density and peripheral fracture risk in Moroccan postmenopausal women
Section snippets
Design and setting
It was a cross-sectional study. The group studied included 730 postmenopausal women. They had been selected consecutively from a group of postmenopausal women referred to the outpatient Bone Densitometry Center (El Ayachi University-Hospital, Sale, Morocco). All subjects were referred to this centre for osteoporosis risk factors, including menopause.
A study inclusion criteria was: postmenopausal status (at least 1 year of menopause). Exclusion criteria consisted in having a history of: (1)
Results
Clinical characteristics of the 730 women included in the analysis are shown in Table 1 according to parity. The number of children ranged from 0 to 20 with a median parity of four live births. The mean age of women was 59.4 (±7.6) years and was significantly correlated with parity level. Increasing parity was associated with higher years since menopause (p < 0.001), higher BMI (p = 0.001) and higher percentage of wearing weil (p < 0.001). In contrast, increasing parity was not significantly
Discussion
In the present study, an inverse relationship between parity and BMD was observed. The BMD values decreased as the number of pregnancies increased. Among our patients, women with six and more pregnancies were seen to have significantly lower BMD values for both lumbar vertebra and hip versus other groups. This relationship remained significant after adjusting for age, and BMI.
Interestingly, the BMD decreased with each delivery in all skeletal areas scanned but was more consistent in spine. Our
Acknowledgement
This study has been supported by the University Mohammed V Souissi, Rabat, Morocco.
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Did parity affect bone mineral density of women in past populations? Parturition scars and BMD of Neolithic to modern skeletons from north-central Poland
2020, Journal of Archaeological ScienceCitation Excerpt :In addition to hormonal and physiological maternal adaptations, this may be attributable to greater weight bearing during and after pregnancy, which stimulates osteogenesis (Bererhi et al., 1996; Agarwal and Stuart-Macadam, 2003). On the other hand, according to other authors, multiparity and/or prolonged breastfeeding lowers BMD in women and contributes to the risk of osteoporosis in the postmenopausal period (Gur et al., 2003; Allali et al., 2007; Tsvetov et al., 2014; Kim et al., 2015; Peker and Tosun, 2018), which may be aggravated by low dietary intake of calcium or vitamin D or by a low socioeconomic status in general (Ghannam et al., 1999; Demir et al., 2008; Olausson et al., 2012). The reproductive status of females is thought to be an important factor which also affected bone maintenance in past populations, but so far, there has been little direct evidence for that due to difficulties with assessing the aforementioned reproductive variables in skeletal specimens (for discussion see Agarwal, 2019).
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2014, MaturitasCitation Excerpt :However, after adjusting for BMI, this association was no longer demonstrated. In another study of the influence of parity on BMD and peripheral fracture risk in Moroccan postmenopausal women [31] there was a negative correlation of high parity with spinal BMD, but not with fractures. Finally, the use of BMD as a dichotomized variable in our study may have artificially increased the abnormal results.