Smoking and sleep disorders

To examine the associations between e-cigarette use or dual (e-cigarette and combustible cigarette) use and short sleep duration and trouble sleeping among U.S. adults.

We used 2015–2018 data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (n = 11,659). E-cigarette use and dual use were categorized as current, former, and never use. Short sleep duration was defined as sleep duration ≤6 h. Trouble sleeping was self-reported. Weighted logistic regression analyses were performed.

Among those with current e-cigarette use, 53.9 % were with current dual use and 23.8 % were with former dual use. Compared to never e-cigarette use, current e-cigarette use was associated with significantly higher odds of trouble sleeping (OR = 2.16, 95 % CI: 1.49–3.13), adjusting for potential confounders. Significant associations were also observed for former e-cigarette use versus never use with trouble sleeping (OR = 1.54, 95 % CI: 1.15–2.07) after full adjustment. Current cigarette use was associated with both short sleep duration (OR = 1.65, 95 % CI: 1.28–2.14) and trouble sleeping (OR = 1.36, 95 % CI: 1.03–1.79) after full adjustment. Additionally, the fully adjusted ORs for short sleep duration and trouble sleeping were 1.64 (95 % CI: 1.06–2.54) and 2.14 (95 % CI: 1.34–3.42) among those with current dual use, and 1.46 (95 % CI: 1.17–1.81) and 2.11 (95 % CI: 1.66–2.67) among those with former dual use, compared to those without dual use.

Current cigarette use or dual use is associated with significantly higher odds of short sleep duration and trouble sleeping. Moreover, former e-cigarette use or dual use is associated with increased odds of trouble sleeping.

Although sleep quality is known to be associated with mortality, how poor sleep quality contributes to an increased risk of mortality is still unknown. We aimed to examine whether lifestyle, psychosocial and biological factors mediate the association.

205,654 participants from UK Biobank were used for the analysis. The outcome was all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality by February 2022. Exposure was assessed by a sleep score consisting of five sleep behaviors at baseline. Lifestyle, psychosocial, and biological factors are regarded as potential mediators. Mediation analysis based on Cox proportional hazards models was performed.

Poor sleep quality was associated with a higher risk of all-cause (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.098; 95% CI: 1.058–1.140), CVD (HR = 1.139; 95% CI: 1.045–1.243) and cancer mortality (HR = 1.095; 95% CI: 1.040–1.152). Lifestyle mediators (smoking, physical activity, sedentary, BMI and diet) could explain between 2.6% and 34.0% of the increased risk of all-cause mortality in individuals with poor sleep quality. Self-reported health, frailty, depression, and loneliness were significant psychosocial mediators of this association pathway. About one-fifth of the association can be explained by the biological role of CRP. Similar mediating patterns were observed for CVD and cancer mortality.

Both exposure and mediators were measured at baseline, so the possibility of reverse causality cannot be ruled out.

Poor sleep quality is associated with an increased risk of death through a combination of lifestyle, psychosocial and biological pathways. Adopting healthy lifestyles and staying psychosocial well-being are cost-effective interventions to lower the risk of death.

Problems of excessive daytime sleepiness are not exclusively linked to sleep disorders. They are also a public health concern because of their association with significant morbidity. Work efficiency and performance have become primary goals in industrial societies, and the need for alertness has led to significant consumption of psychostimulants, the wake-promoting properties of which allay fatigue and enhance attention either to combat the debilitating effects of sleep deprivation or counterbalance sedative/anxiolytic medications. This article summarizes the pharmacological basis of the most commonly consumed wake-promoting substances: amphetamines, modafinil, caffeine, and nicotine.

Problems of excessive daytime sleepiness are not exclusively linked to sleep disorders. They are also a public health concern because of their association with significant morbidity. Work efficiency and performance have become primary goals in industrial societies, and the need for alertness has led to significant consumption of psychostimulants, the wake-promoting properties of which allay fatigue and enhance attention either to combat the debilitating effects of sleep deprivation or counterbalance sedative/anxiolytic medications. This article summarizes the pharmacological basis of the most commonly consumed wake-promoting substances: amphetamines, modafinil, caffeine, and nicotine.

Problems of excessive daytime sleepiness are not exclusively linked to sleep disorders. They are also a public health concern because of their association with significant morbidity. Work efficiency and performance have become primary goals in industrial societies, and the need for alertness has led to significant consumption of psychostimulants, the wake-promoting properties of which allay fatigue and enhance attention either to combat the debilitating effects of sleep deprivation or counterbalance sedative/anxiolytic medications. This article summarizes the pharmacological basis of the most commonly consumed wake-promoting substances: amphetamines, modafinil, caffeine, and nicotine.

The aim of the study was to assess the association of sleep disturbance with psychological characteristics, somatic symptoms and previously identified risk factors.

Data were from 148,938 postmenopausal women enrolled in The Women’s Health Initiative who provided cross-sectional information about psychological characteristics, somatic symptoms and the character of their sleep. Overall sleep quality was based on the Women’s Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale (WHI IRS), a measure that assessed five types of sleep disturbance.

Three factors accounted for nearly 20% of the variation in the WHI IRS: a scale for somatic symptoms, daytime restlessness and either depression or emotional well-being. Other independently associated factors were night sweats, pain and worry about expressing anger. Several factors that had been linked to sleep disturbance in other studies were found to have at most a weak independent association in this analysis. These included income, education, marital status, activity level, obesity level, hot flashes, coffee drinking and smoking.

Factors strongly associated with sleep disturbance in this study deserve further evaluation to determine the reasons for the association and whether the associations suggest possible treatments for sleep disturbance.