Comparison of proliferation and differentiation capacity of human adipocyte precursor cells from the omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue depot of obese subjects

doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2003.11.012

Metabolism

Volume 53, Issue 5, May 2004, Pages 632-637

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2003.11.012 Get rights and content

Abstract

Upper body obesity is characterized by an expansion of the visceral adipose tissue and is associated with an increased susceptibility for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In order to get a better understanding of the regulation of body fat distribution, the aim of the present study was to compare adipocyte development between the omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue region in obese subjects. Therefore, the proliferation and differentiation capacity in primary cultures of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells were compared between the 2 depots in a group of 29 obese individuals, of which 21 were women. Proliferation of the cells was stimulated using fetal calf serum (FCS) and assessed by counting the cell number in the culture dishes. Differentiation of preadipocytes was assessed in parallel by morphological criteria and determination of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) after stimulation by standardized adipogenic conditions. Stromal cells from the subcutaneous adipose tissue region proliferated faster (doubling time, 4 ± 1 days) than those from the omental region (doubling time, 5 ± 1 days), whereas there was no regional difference in adipose differentiation with any of the adipogenic media. The same findings were observed when men were excluded from the analysis. Interestingly, there were more endothelial cells in the cultures from the omental tissue as compared to those from the subcutaneous tissue, but there was no correlation between endothelial cell contamination and proliferation capacity, suggesting that the regional difference in proliferation capacity was not due to regional differences in the amount of endothelial cells. In addition, we found a negative correlation between donor age and proliferation of subcutaneous cells but not of omental cells, possibly explaining the greater capacity for adipose tissue growth in the omental as compared to the subcutaneous depot with aging. In conclusion, there may exist regional differences in adipose tissue growth with regard to proliferation capacity, whereas there are apparently no significant differences in in vitro differentiation capacity between subcutaneous and omental preadipocytes.

Section snippets

Subjects

Human adipose tissue was obtained from the abdominal subcutaneous region (epigastric region of the abdominal wall) and omental region (omentum major) from 29 obese (body mass index [BMI], 46.1 ± 7.2 kg/m², mean ± SD), but otherwise healthy subjects (8 men, 21 women) undergoing weight-reducing surgery (adjustable gastric banding). Except for obesity and minor metabolic disturbances, the subjects were healthy and took no regular medication. Informed consent was obtained from the subjects before

Results

Some clinical characteristics of the study group are listed in Table 1. The group consisted of 29 subjects of which 21 were women. All subjects were obese with a BMI ranging from 31.8 to 68.4 kg/m². The age range was from 17 to 61 years.

Discussion

The aim of the present study was to compare both preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation capacity between the omental and subcutaneous stromal vascular cell fraction from obese individuals, in order to get a better understanding of regional adipose tissue accumulation. We found that cells from the subcutaneous adipose tissue region from obese subjects proliferated faster than those from the omental region in medium containing 10% FCS. This observation is in contrast to previous studies

Acknowledgements

We are indebted to Professor B. Husemann and his team from the Dominikus-Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf-Heerdt for support in obtaining human adipose tissue samples.

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Comparison of proliferation and differentiation capacity of human adipocyte precursor cells from the omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue depot of obese subjects

Abstract

Section snippets

Subjects

Results

Discussion

Acknowledgements

Metabolism

J Biol Chem

Anal Biochem

Metabolism

Metabolism

Am J Clin Nutr

Abdominal obesity and the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Diabetes Metab Rev

Regional adiposity and morbidity

Physiol Rev

Differences in lipolysis between human subcutaneous and omental adipose tissues

Ann Med

Regional differences in protein production by human adipose tissue

Biochem Soc Trans

Adipocyte precursor cells in obese and nonobese humans

Metabolism