Recent progress in applications of nanoparticles in fish medicine: A review

doi:10.1016/j.nano.2015.11.005

Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine

Volume 12, Issue 3, April 2016, Pages 701-710

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2015.11.005 Get rights and content

Abstract

Nanotechnology has become an extensive field of research due to the unique properties of nanoparticles, which enable novel applications. Nanoparticles have found their way into many applications in the field of medicine, including diagnostics, vaccination, drug and gene delivery. In this review, we focused on the antimicrobial effects of nanoparticles, with particular emphasis on the problem of antibiotic resistant bacteria in fisheries. The use of nanoparticle-based vaccines against many viral pathogens is a developing field in fish medicine research. Nanoparticles have gained much interest as a specific and sensitive tool for diagnosis of bacterial, fungal and viral diseases in aquaculture. Nevertheless our review also highlights the many applications of nanotechnology that are still to be explored in fish medicine.

From the Clinical Editor

Advance in nanotechnology has enabled the development of nanomedicine, with many ideas being used in clinical diagnosis and therapy. In this review article, the authors described the current use of nanotechnology in fish medicine. The knowledge would also impart important information for our daily living.

Section snippets

Synthesis of nanoparticles

Generally, there are two main approaches for nanoparticle synthesis: top-down or bottom-up.¹⁴

The top-down approach involves mechanical grinding of bulk metal to convert it from macro or microscale to nanoscale, which is followed by addition of stabilizing agents like colloidal protecting agents to ensure that the nanoparticles do not oxidize, or re-assemble back to the microscale.¹⁵ Bottom-up methods include construction of nanoparticles by various physical and chemical methods, including

Antibiotic resistant bacteria in fisheries

Antibiotics have been used for decades to combat bacterial infections. However unregulated, excessive use of antibiotics can lead to the emergence of resistant bacteria which are no longer sensitive to antibiotics.39, 40, 41, 42 Since there are shared elements between the mobile genomes of both terrestrial and aquatic bacteria, resistance genes can be exchanged between them with major potential impacts on livestock and human health42, 43 Tuševljak et al⁴⁴ conducted a survey about usage of

Nanoparticles as vehicles for drug and gene delivery

An ideal drug delivery system has several key properties, which include safety, biocompatibility and biodegradability of the delivery system, plus stability of the drug, specificity of delivery, and few or no side effects⁴

As drug delivery systems, nanoparticles have gained much interest because of their small sizes and because they can cross biological barriers like the blood brain barrier (BBB). Nanoparticles also have a high surface area to volume ratio, which allows increased reactivity with

Nanotechnology-based fish vaccines

Incorporation of nanoparticles in vaccine formulations is an exciting avenue of medical research. Polymeric nanoparticles have been most widely investigated, as they have several advantages as vaccine releasing vehicles, including their ability to ensure antigen stability against degradation by enzymes, preserving immunogenicity and for sustained release of the vaccine.86, 87 Nanovaccines have been used as immunostimulant adjuvants or as a delivery system for targeted antigen delivery, with

Nanoparticles in the diagnosis of fish pathogens

Nanoparticles have been adopted for rapid and sensitive diagnosis of diseases, and these nanoparticle-based detection methods are called nanodiagnostics.⁹⁷ One of the most widely used nanoparticles in diagnostics is gold nanoparticles, which are appropriate for use in different methods.98, 99

Concluding summary and future directions

In this review article, we have summarized the current applications of nanoparticles for diagnosis, and treatment of fish pathogens. A range of different methods has been employed for nanoparticle synthesis, and the emerging use of ‘green' synthetic methods appears safer and more environmentally friendly while retaining the efficacy of the formed nanoparticles.32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 Naked metal nanoparticles exhibit antimicrobial effects, and have been applied to combat microbial resistance

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: We acknowledge support from a PhD scholarship offered for Mohamed Shaalan by mission sectors in the Ministry of Higher Education, Egypt.

: Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

: The authors declare that they don’t have any commercial associations, current and within the past five years, that might pose a potential, perceived or real conflict of interest.

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Review ArticleRecent progress in applications of nanoparticles in fish medicine: A review

Abstract

From the Clinical Editor

Section snippets

Synthesis of nanoparticles

Antibiotic resistant bacteria in fisheries

Nanoparticles as vehicles for drug and gene delivery

Nanotechnology-based fish vaccines

Nanoparticles in the diagnosis of fish pathogens

Concluding summary and future directions

J Hosp Infect

Trends Biotechnol

Nanomedicine

Eur Polym J

Drug Discov Today

Bioconjug Chem

Mater Charact

Mater Res Bull

Exp Toxicol Pathol

Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces

Fish Shellfish Immunol

J Control Release

Mater Lett

Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces

Prog Nat Sci Mater Int

Spectrochim Acta A

Trends Biotechnol

Adv Drug Deliv Rev

Vet Microbiol

Biomaterials

Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces

Biomaterials

Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces

J Mycol Med

Biomaterials

Mater Res Bull

Colloid Surf B: Biointerfaces

Surf Coat Technol

Thin Solid Films

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

Environ Pollut

Carbohydr Polym

Vaccine

Fish Shellfish Immunol

Aquaculture

Fish Shellfish Immunol

Acta Trop

J Control Release

Int Immunopharmacol

Nanoscience and nanotechnologies: opportunities and uncertainties

Nanotoxicology: an emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles

Environ Health Perspect

Drug delivery and nanoparticles: applications and hazards

Int J Nanomedicine

Microcapsules and nanoparticles in medicine and pharmacy

Nanoparticulates as drug carriers

Carbon nanotubes: potential benefits and risks of nanotechnology in nuclear medicine

J Nucl Med

Supercritical fluid synthesis of metal and semiconductor nanomaterials

Chemistry

Stable silver nanoparticle synthesizing methods and its applications

J Biol Sci Res

Preparation and characterization of bimetallic Pd-Cu colloids by thermal decomposition of their acetate compounds in organic solvents

Chem Mater

Review Article
Recent progress in applications of nanoparticles in fish medicine: A review