Original articleBlepharospasm and Apraxia of Eyelid Opening Associated with Anti-Hu Paraneoplastic Antibodies: A Case Report
Section snippets
Patients and Methods
The clinical record of the patient, including clinical notes, laboratory testing, and imaging studies, were reviewed. The patient's response to clinical interventions was recorded. In addition, the available literature was searched for additional cases of paraneoplastic blepharospasm by searching PubMed for paraneoplastic blepharospasm, paraneoplastic dystonia, paraneoplastic blepharoclonus, paraneoplastic apraxia, and paraneoplastic movement disorder. Six cases were discovered and reviewed.
Discussion
Paraneoplastic disorders are becoming widely recognized as a cause of nonmetastatic neurologic symptoms in oncology patients and can cause diffuse sensory, cognitive, motor, and autonomic dysfunction. This diagnosis should be considered only after other metabolic, nutritional, infectious, toxic, and metastatic causes have been ruled out. Classic paraneoplastic syndromes include cerebellar degeneration, encephalomyelitis, limbic encephalitis, Lambert Eaton myasthenic syndrome,
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Dr. Josep Dalmau for reviewing the manuscript and contributing his extensive insight and knowledge on this topic.
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Manuscript no. 2011-860.
Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
This research was supported in part by a grant from Research to Prevent Blindness.