Original articlePredicting Adherence to Diabetic Eye Examinations: Development of the Compliance with Annual Diabetic Eye Exams Survey
Section snippets
Participants
We recruited adults with diabetes enrolled in an ongoing clinical trial examining the effectiveness of an ophthalmic telemedicine program in 2 primary care clinics.19 We randomized participants to 1 of 2 groups: (1) telemedicine with a nonmydriatic camera or (2) traditional surveillance with an eye care provider. After 2 years of enrollment, we offered telemedicine screenings to those in the traditional surveillance group. At the time the CADEES was administered, all participants had been
Participants
Table 1 presents the demographic characteristics of the sample. Approximately 70% of participants reported a nonwhite race or ethnicity, and one third had no health insurance. The average time diagnosed with diabetes was more than 12 years, and the mean hemoglobin A1c level was almost 8%. Roughly 90% reported having type 2 diabetes, 7% reported having type 1 diabetes, and 3% were unsure of their diagnosis. Fifty-eight percent reported having a dilated eye examination in the past year.
Content Validity
Discussion
We created the CADEES to measure the demographic, clinical, and health belief variables related to adherence with annual eye examination recommendations in patients with diabetes. Our ultimate goal is to help clinicians improve adherence through their interactions with patients, and the tool developed in this study provides an important first step. We found that the CADEES has good content and predictive validity, and its organizational structure supported the presence of a barriers construct.
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Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
Supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Cooperative Agreement no.: 1-U-48-DP-002673 [S.L.M., T.M.B.]); and the Good Samaritan Foundation, Portland, Oregon (S.L.M.). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention participated in the review of study materials. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Good Samaritan Foundation or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.