Pediatric Teratoma and Dermoid Cysts

To report a rare adult case of cystic teratoma of the neck. A 51-year-old male patient who had a neck mass for 20 years, and the mass enlarged with the symptom of neck compression in two weeks. The patient was performed a surgical operation after a definite diagnosis through a CT scan, pathology, and other necessary examinations. It is rare to find an adult case of cystic teratoma of the neck. The physician should explore rare cases with detailed imaging studies for early diagnosis and prevention of potentially fatal complications such as malignant transformation, airway obstruction, and dysphagia.

Posterior fossa cystic lesions display a diagnostic challenge as the apparent simplistic image portrays a vast array of pathological entities. We hereby present the case of mature cystic teratoma of the posterior fossa with atypical radiological appearance, in a previously healthy 6-month old male, presenting with increased head circumferences, non-communicating hydrocephalus. The lesion underwent en bloc resection, and the infant was discharged home a week later with no neurological deficits. Follow-up MRI did not demonstrate any evidence of recurrence or residual tumor.

Head and neck cystic teratomas are rare benign congenital tumors. At this location the prognosis is often favorable provided the correct diagnosis is made.

We describe here the case of a male neonate with a very large extracranial mass, diagnosed antenatally as a macrocystic lymphangioma. The patient underwent early surgery with complete excision. The histological diagnosis was consistent with a mature cystic teratoma.

The diagnosis of cystic teratoma should be suspected in case of cystic head and neck mass. Radiological images interpretation must be very rigorous to avoid management errors.

Generally, dermoid cysts commonly arise from the anus and ovaries. Oral and maxillofacial lesions are most commonly observed in the midline of the floor of the mouth, and lesions arising from the upper lip are relatively rare.

A 50-year-old man was referred to our hospital due to swelling of the left upper lip. Clinical examination revealed an elevated alar base, Gerber protrusion and nasal deformity. Ultrasonography revealed a clearly defined 30-mm lesion with more hypoechoic bands. Meanwhile, magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 30-mm mass below the orbicularis oris of the left upper lip. The lesion had a homogeneous, low-signal intensity on T1-weighted imaging. Thus, based on these findings, a dermoid cyst was suspected. The lesion was then removed en bloc without the overlying skin while the patient was under general anaesthesia. Histopathological examination revealed a cystic cavity lined by an orthokeratinised stratified squamous epithelium. However, skin appendages were not found. Based on the clinical and histopathological features of the lesion, a diagnosis of epidermoid cyst was made. Swelling of the left upper lip, nasal deformity and Gerber protrusion significantly improved after surgery.

Although dermoid cysts arising from the upper lip are rare, the diagnostic accuracy for dermoid cyst can be improved with the combined use of ultrasonography and other imaging modalities even though these lesions are difficult to distinguish from differential diagnosis.

This chapter offers a summary of the most common neoplastic and neoplastic-like conditions affecting the skeletal system. It provides, firstly, an overview of key and updated information regarding the biology, epidemiology, and pathology of benign and malignant bone neoplasms, tumor-like conditions of bone, and metastatic bone disease. Secondly, it provides a reflection on the most common skeletal expressions of these conditions in past human remains based upon publications of bone tumors in the paleopathological record. It provides a guide to the identification of these conditions in the bioarcheological record. The chapter also draws attention to the crucial problems of differential diagnosis of ancient primary bone tumors and bone metastatic disease.