Short communication
Repeated isolation of virulent Newcastle disease viruses in poultry and captive non-poultry avian species in Pakistan from 2011 to 2016

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.04.010Get rights and content
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Highlights

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    Virulent NDVs from sub-genotype VIIi were repeatedly isolated from different species in Pakistan during 2011–2016.

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    Nearly identical sequences suggest the existence of epidemiological links between these viruses.

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    Clearly distinct phylogenetic branches suggest separate simultaneous evolution at more than one site or host.

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    Repeated isolation of NDV in different hosts and locations suggests a complex multiple components endemic cycle in Pakistan.

Abstract

Virulent viruses of the panzootic Avian avulavirus 1 (AAvV-1) of sub-genotype VIIi were repeatedly isolated (2011–2016) from commercial chickens and from multiple non-poultry avian species in Pakistan. These findings provide evidence for the existence of epidemiological links between Newcastle disease outbreaks in commercial poultry and infections with virulent AAvV-1 strains in other avian species kept in proximity to poultry. Our results suggest that the endemicity of Newcastle disease in Pakistan involves multiple hosts and environments.

Abbreviations

AIV
avian influenza virus
AAvV
Avian avulavirus
ICPI
intracerebral pathogenicity index
ND
Newcastle disease
NDV
Newcastle disease virus
UVAS
University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences

Keywords

Newcastle disease virus
NDV
APMV-1
Pakistan
Captive birds
Epidemiology
Endemicity
Avian avulavirus 1, AAvV-1

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Published by Elsevier B.V.