Review ArticleDiscrimination and sleep: a systematic review
Section snippets
Methods
We conducted a systematic review of all English-language articles published in PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases (PsychInfo, ERIC, CINAHL) from 1971 through July 2014. Our search strategy was informed by prior literature reviews on discrimination and health [30], [32], [49]. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) of the National Library of Medicine and keywords were used to search PubMed, and a similar search was designed for the EBSCO databases (see Appendix for sample search strategy). We
Description of included studies
Our database search identified 453 records; after excluding duplications (n = 96), 17 articles were selected for further evaluation, and two additional studies were identified from reference sections. A total of 17 articles met inclusion criteria for this review (see Fig. 1 for flow diagram). The characteristics of the selected studies are presented in Table 1. The earliest study on discrimination and sleep was published in 2003 [50]. Twelve of the 17 studies were cross-sectional, three were
Discussion
This systematic review displays consistent evidence that experiences of discrimination are associated with disordered sleep and objectively assessed sleep characteristics, although clarification is needed for nuanced aspects of this association. Although the majority of studies presented cross-sectional associations, three prospective studies and a natural experiment provide supporting evidence for the hypothesized temporal ordering [50], [51], [56], [62]. Among the studies using PSG- or
Funding sources
N Slopen and DR Williams received support from grant RO1 AG038492. TT Lewis received support from grant K01HL092591.
Conflict of interest
The ICMJE Uniform Disclosure Form for Potential Conflicts of Interest associated with this article can be viewed by clicking on the following link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2015.01.012.
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