Determinants, self-management strategies and interventions for hope in people with mental disorders: Systematic search and narrative review
Highlights
►Identifies relevant determinants, self-management strategies and interventions to increase hope in psychiatric practice. ► Specific components of recovery oriented programmes and positive psychology interventions improve hope. ► Self-management strategies can be used as components of interventions to successfully increase and maintain hope. ► Hope can be improved successfully in people with mental illness.
Section snippets
Background
Hope has been a relevant topic in mythology, philosophy and religion for centuries. However, it was only in the 1950s when Menninger (1959) identified it as integral to the profession of psychiatry, important for initiating therapeutic change, willingness to learn and personal well-being. Since then, a wealth of research has been conducted investigating hope in various medical fields and different settings (Castañeda et al., 2010, Lalor et al., 2009, Rhodes et al., 2009), but particularly in
Data sources
We searched twelve bibliographic databases from inception (bracketed): AMED (1985); British Nursing Index (1985); EMBASE (1947); MEDLINE (1946); PsycINFO (1806); Social Science Policy (1890); CINAHL (1981); International Bibliography of Social Science (1951); British Humanities Index (1962); Sociological abstracts (1952); and Social Services abstracts (1979). The reference lists of all included studies, relevant reviews and opinion papers were hand searched for additional relevant papers.
Results
Study selection is shown in Fig. 1.
Characteristics of the 57 included studies are shown in Online Data Supplement 2. Eight were qualitative, and were used in all Aims. Of the 49 quantitative studies, 35 used cross-sectional designs (reported within review Aim 2) and 16 were prospective (9 fitting review Aim 2 and 8 review Aim 4). The 149 relevant review and opinion papers were used for hand search only and are summarised in Online Data Supplement 2.
Discussion
In this systematic review and narrative synthesis we bring together a wide range of quantitative and qualitative data on potential determinants of hope, self-management strategies and interventions that might serve to improve hope in people with mental disorders. Given the increasing theoretical importance of hope, particularly in positive approaches to mental health, research on this topic has substantially increased in recent years as reflected by the rising number of studies meeting our
Clinical implications
The results of this review suggest at least five promising elements that may be included in future interventions specifically designed to enhance hope of people with mental disorders: (i) collaborative strategies for illness management, including medication, (ii) a focus on fostering relationships both with staff and people outside the mental health system, (iii) facilitating connections with peers, particularly peer support, (iv) helping clients to assume control and to formulate and pursue
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