StomachComparison of 3D laparoscopic gastrectomy with a 2D procedure for gastric cancer: A phase 3 randomized controlled trial
Section snippets
Study design and patients
This prospective, phase 3 RCT (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT02327481) was conducted in accordance with the protocol that was approved by the institutional review boards of our hospital before the initiation of the study. All the candidates were well informed and gave their full consent after they had received a verbal explanation of the study and an information document. The primary end point was the duration of operation time. Secondary end points included postoperative complications,
Case inclusion
Between January 1, 2015, and April 1, 2016, 438 patients were included in this study and were divided randomly into the 2D group (219 cases) or the 3D group (219 cases). A total of 19 patients met the exclusion criteria; 11 were in the 2D group (4 patients with tumor invasion in the head of the pancreas and 7 with peritoneal metastases) and 8 were in the 3D group (1 patient withdrew informed consent, 3 had tumor invasion in the head of the pancreas, and 4 had peritoneal metastases). Finally,
Discussion
The use of 3D laparoscopic technology was reported as early as 20 years ago, and several authors have described the theoretical advantages of 3D laparoscopic viewing systems.30, 31 In the early years, 3D laparoscopic technology was not applied widely for laparoscopic surgery, partly due to technological limitations,32 leading to a decline in the quality of the picture and increased operation costs.11, 31, 33 In recent years, 3D laparoscopic technology has developed rapidly, its technical
References (36)
- et al.
Comparison of learning curves and skill transfer between classical and robotic laparoscopy according to the viewing conditions: implications for training
Am J Surg
(2007) - et al.
Randomised study of influence of two-dimensional versus three-dimensional imaging on performance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Lancet
(1998) - et al.
Postpancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH): an International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS) definition
Surgery
(2007) - et al.
Postoperative pancreatic fistula: an international study group (ISGPF) definition
Surgery
(2005) - et al.
Incidence and management of chyle leaks following pancreatic resection: a high volume single-center institutional experience
J Gastrointest Surg
(2008) - et al.
Laparoscopy-assisted Billroth I gastrectomy
Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech
(1994) - et al.
3D HD versus 2D HD: surgical task efficiency in standardised phantom tasks
Surg Endosc
(2012) - et al.
Endoscopic surgery in the rectum
Endoscopy
(1985) - et al.
Comparative study of spatial imaging techniques in stereo-endoscopy
Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir
(2003) - et al.
Perioperative, pathologic, and early continence outcomes comparing three-dimensional and two-dimensional display systems for laparoscopic radical prostatectomy—a retrospective, single-surgeon study
J Endourol
(2014)
Using three-dimensional laparoscopy as a novel training tool for novice trainees compared with two-dimensional laparoscopy
Am J Surg
A randomized prospective study comparing acquisition of laparoscopic skills in three-dimensional (3D) vs. two-dimensional (2D) laparoscopy
World J Surg
Advanced stereoscopic projection technology significantly improves novice performance of minimally invasive surgical skills
Surg Endosc
An assessment of the new generation three-dimensional high definition laparoscopic vision system on surgical skills: a randomized prospective study
Surg Endosc
Influence of two-dimensional and three-dimensional imaging on endoscopic bowel suturing
World J Surg
Randomized, controlled trial comparing clinical outcomes of 3D and 2D laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer: an interim report
Surg Endosc
Adverse effects of intraoperative blood loss on long-term outcomes after curative gastrectomy of patients with stage II/III gastric cancer
Dig Surg
Cited by (43)
Augmenting Veterinary Minimally Invasive Surgery: Evidence-based Review of Foundational and Novel Devices and Technology
2024, Veterinary Clinics of North America - Small Animal PracticeOperating room time savings in Germany- and UK-based hospitals with 3D- VS. 2D-imaging technology in laparoscopic surgery: Meta analysis and budget impact model – Health economic evaluation
2022, International Journal of SurgeryCitation Excerpt :The most common reasons for exclusion were simulation studies, non-comparative studies, methodological reasons (i.e., skewed data) and systematic review or meta-analysis designs, references of which were hand-searched for inclusion. Following screening and eligibility phase, 52 studies were included in the analysis[10,13-54] [55-63]. Of these, 8 studies researched multiple study populations, which were assessed individually.
Advances in laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer in China
2020, European Journal of Surgical OncologyCitation Excerpt :This technique can reduce the surgical difficulty and reduce intraoperative accidental damage to the vessels and other tissues or organs around the stomach, as well as intraoperative bleeding. A Chinese RCT [61] comparing clinical efficacies between 3D and 2D LG showed similar operation times. However, the 3D group had significantly lower blood loss, especially for intraoperative haemorrhage, over 200 ml.
Predictive Value of a New Muscle Parameter in Patients with Resectable Gastric Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of Three Prospective Trials
2024, Annals of Surgical OncologyPrecision application and evaluation of high‐precision laparoscopic imaging technology in minimally invasive gastric cancer surgery
2023, Chinese Journal of Digestive Surgery
Supported by the National Key Clinical Specialty Discipline Construction Program of China (No. [2012]649), the Scientific and Technological Innovation Joint Capital Projects of Fujian Province, China (No. 2016Y9031), the Minimally Invasive Medical Center of Fujian Province (2011708#), and the Youth Research Project of the Fujian Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission (2015-1-37).
- *
These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors.