Oral MedicineCurrent controversies in oral lichen planus: Report of an international consensus meeting. Part 1. Viral infections and etiopathogenesis
Section snippets
Oral lichen planus and viruses
The wide range of factors that may precipitate the cell-mediated reaction resulting in oral LP lesions is discussed elsewhere.1 Among the exogenous factors, several infective agents including some viruses and Helicobacter pylori3, 4 have recently been linked with oral LP but sometimes on the basis of equivocal data. The present paper is focused on viral agents.
Immunopathogenesis of oral LP
A large body of evidence supports a role for immune dysregulation in the pathogenesis of oral LP, specifically involving the cellular arm of the immune system. The inflammatory infiltrate consists primarily of T cells and macrophages. Plasma cells are rarely seen and immune deposits are not characteristic.
Oral LP and graft versus host disease
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a common serious complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and is a major cause of HSCT-related mortality.147 Acute GVHD occurs within the first 100 days of transplantation and comprises dermatitis, enteritis, and hepatitis with immunosuppression and cachexia. Chronic GVHD develops after day 100 and comprises an autoimmune-like syndrome comparable to ulcerative colitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, Sjögren's syndrome,
References (164)
- et al.
Human herpes simplex-1 and papillomavirus type 16 homologous DNA sequences in normal, potentially malignant and malignant oral mucosa
Eur J Cancer B Oral Oncol
(1993) - et al.
Prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus in oral squamous cell carcinomas, premalignant lesions and normal mucosa—a study using the polymerase chain reaction
Oral Oncol
(1997) - et al.
Prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus in oral squamous cell carcinoma, oral lichen planus, and normal oral mucosa
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod
(2002) - et al.
White lichenoid lesions of the buccal mucosa in patients with HIV infection
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol
(1993) - et al.
Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in oral mucosal lesions using in situ DNA-hybridization applied on paraffin sections
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol
(1986) - et al.
In situ DNA hybridization analysis of oral papillomas, leukoplakias, and carcinomas for human papillomavirus
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol
(1991) - et al.
False-positive polymerase chain reaction results for human papillomavirus in lichen planus. Potential laboratory pitfalls of this procedure
J Am Acad Dermatol
(1996) - et al.
Lichen planus and hepatitis C virus
J Am Acad Dermatol
(1991) - et al.
Lichen planus and hepatitis C virus infection: an epidemiologic study
J Am Acad Dermatol
(1994) - et al.
Preliminary investigation of the association of oral lichen planus and hepatitis C
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod
(1998)
No evidence of HCV infection or liver disease in British patients with oral lichen planus
Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg
Lichen planus associated with hepatitis C
Lancet
Hepatitis C virus and lichen planus: a case-control study of 340 patients
J Am Acad Dermatol
Incidence of hepatitis C in lichen planus
J Am Acad Dermatol
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infection and oral lichen planus
J Hepatol
High incidence of oral lichen planus in an HCV hyperendemic area
Gastroenterology
Unexpected low incidence of oral lichen planus in an HCV hyperendemic area of southern Italy
Gastroenterology
High incidence of extrahepatic manifestations in an HCV hyperendemic area
Hepatol Res
Histopathological and immunohistochemical study of oral lichen planus-associated HCV infection
Eur J Intern Med
Localization of hepatitis C virus antigens in liver and skin tissues of chronic hepatitis C virus-infected patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia
Hepatology
Molecular evidence that the hepatitis C virus replicates in the oral mucosa
J Hepatol
Oral lichen planus pathogenesis: a role for the HCV-specific cellular immune response
Hepatology
Analysis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in the lesions of lichen planus in patients with chronic hepatitis C: detection of anti-genomic- as well as genomic-strand HCV RNAs in lichen planus lesions
J Dermatol Sci
Detection of hepatitis C virus replication by in situ hybridization in epithelial cells of anti-hepatitis C virus-positive patients with and without oral lichen planus
Hepatology
Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA and core protein in keratinocytes from patients with cutaneous lichen planus and chronic hepatitis C
J Invest Dermatol
Update on oral lichen planus: etiopathogenesis and management
Crit Rev Oral Biol Med
Helicobacter pylori in oral ulcerations
J Oral Sci
Detection of Helicobacter pylori DNA in recurrent aphthous stomatitis tissue by PCR
J Oral Pathol Med
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Helicobacter pylori (HP) found in oral mucosal ulcers
J Oral Pathol Med
Human cytomegalovirus as a potential etiologic agent in recurrent aphthous ulcers and Behcet's disease
J Oral Pathol Med
Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) DNA and virus-encoded antigen in oral lesions
J Oral Pathol Med
Search for human herpesvirus 6, human cytomegalovirus and varicella zoster virus DNA in recurrent aphthous stomatitis tissue
J Oral Pathol Med
Detection of serum antibodies against cytomegalovirus, varicella zoster virus and human herpesvirus 6 in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis
J Oral Pathol Med
Immunopathogenesis of oral lichen planus
J Oral Pathol Med
Abnormal EBV immune status in oral lichen planus
Oral Dis
Preliminary evidence for an association of Epstein-Barr virus with pre-ulcerative oral lesions in patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers or Behcet's disease
J Oral Pathol Med
Oral manifestations associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection in a Spanish population
J Oral Pathol Med
Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in biopsies of human oral tissue
Br J Cancer
Human papillomavirus in squamous cell carcinoma, leukoplakia, lichen planus, and clinically normal epithelium of the oral cavity
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol
Human papilloma virus in erosive oral lichen planus
J Oral Pathol Med
In situ hybridization analysis of human papillomavirus in orofacial lesions using a consensus biotinylated probe
Am J Dermatopathol
[Detection of human papillomavirus (HVP)-DNA in oral manifestation of lichen planus.]
Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir
Human papilloma viruses in oral lesions
Anticancer Res
Human papillomavirus DNA in oral mucosal lesions
J Infect Dis
Potential human papillomavirus reactivation following topical corticosteroid therapy of genital lichen sclerosus and erosive lichen planus
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol
[Oral lichen planus and liver pathology. II. The clinico-statistical correlations between oral manifestations and liver damage.]
Minerva Stomatol
Incidence of liver disease in chronic lichen planus of the mouth
Acta Derm Venereol
Lichen planus and liver disease: how strong is the association?
J Oral Pathol
Cited by (319)
Upregulation of IL-37 in epithelial cells: A potential new mechanism of T cell inhibition induced by tacrolimus
2023, Biochemical PharmacologyOral immune-mediated disorders with malignant potential/association: An overview
2023, Disease-a-Month
This work was partially supported by the Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca Scientifica e Technologica (ex quota 60%), the Italian Ministry of Public Instruction, and the Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Turin, and by Grant mm06153729 from the Italian Ministero dell'Istruzione dell'Università e della Ricerca. Philip Sugerman is supported by an Industry Research Fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia.