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The taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships of Trypanosoma vivax from South America and Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 May 2006

A. P. CORTEZ ,
R. M. VENTURA ,
A. C. RODRIGUES ,
J. S. BATISTA ,
F. PAIVA ,
N. AÑEZ ,
R. Z. MACHADO ,
W. C. GIBSON  and
M. M. G. TEIXEIRA
A. P. CORTEZ
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
R. M. VENTURA
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
A. C. RODRIGUES
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
J. S. BATISTA
Affiliation:
Department of Pathology, Federal University of Semiarid (UFERSA), RN, Brazil
F. PAIVA
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), MS, Brazil
N. AÑEZ
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
R. Z. MACHADO
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Pathology, University of the State of São Paulo (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
W. C. GIBSON
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
M. M. G. TEIXEIRA
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Abstract

The taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships of Trypanosoma vivax are controversial. It is generally suggested that South American, and East and West African isolates could be classified as subspecies or species allied to T. vivax. This is the first phylogenetic study to compare South American isolates (Brazil and Venezuela) with West/East African T. vivax isolates. Phylogeny using ribosomal sequences positioned all T. vivax isolates tightly together on the periphery of the clade containing all Salivarian trypanosomes. The same branching of isolates within T. vivax clade was observed in all inferred phylogenies using different data sets of sequences (SSU, SSU plus 5.8S or whole ITS rDNA). T. vivax from Brazil, Venezuela and West Africa (Nigeria) were closely related corroborating the West African origin of South American T. vivax, whereas a large genetic distance separated these isolates from the East African isolate (Kenya) analysed. Brazilian isolates from cattle asymptomatic or showing distinct pathology were highly homogeneous. This study did not disclose significant polymorphism to separate West African and South American isolates into different species/subspecies and indicate that the complexity of T. vivax in Africa and of the whole subgenus Trypanosoma (Duttonella) might be higher than previously believed.

Keywords

Trypanosoma vivaxtaxonomyphylogenyevolutionribosomal genesBrazilgenetic diversitySouth AmericaWest AfricaEast Africa
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 133 , Issue 2 , August 2006 , pp. 159 - 169
Copyright
2006 Cambridge University Press

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